SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION IG 115 Instructor: Drs. Ph. Pirenomulyo, MA

Toward a Definition of the Field “Education” means different things to different people: To elementary school children: exiting intellectual experience To those poorly motivated: painful experience To university students: - a means to acquire qualifications for a job - a way of escaping a lowly social class origins - a time for experimenting with a variety of social and personal identities

3. To parents: a fulfillment of their responsibility to educate their children formally 4. To political officials: something to be supported and financed 5. To those who operate the schools (principals, teachers, administrators): - a job - a place where career aspirations may be realized or thwarted - a place where relationships with other colleagues must be worked out 6. To the business or other institutions? 7. To you?

To the Sociologists? Education for them is a social phenomenon or institution which, like other social phenomena, becomes a subject to objective scientific examination and analysis. A sociological perspective on education requires one to step back or set aside his personal and cultural biases from what he is examining and then take a look at the phenomenon of education.

To the Sociologists? Their primary concern is to build a body of knowledge about education. Their secondary concern is to apply the findings of their research and conclusions to the concerns of the educational practitioners. The findings produce recommendations and policy implications but they are left implicit rather than explicit statements and policy recommendations

History: Sociology of Education vs. Educational Sociology In the minds of educators and sociologists, the concept and discussion of sociology of education is associated with the concept and development of educational sociology. In 1914 sixteen universities and colleges in the US were offering courses called educational sociology. In 1923 the “National Society for the Study of Educational Sociology” was organized, followed by the publications of the Journal of Educational Sociology.

History continued In 1948 both education specialists and sociologists had different interests; educational sociologists lack interest in what has been known as educational sociology. Since then, course offerings in higher education institutions declined due to the substitution of other sociology courses in teacher colleges. Only few sociologists were interested in educational sociology and there was no increase in interest in departments of education.

Education in Educational Sociology Educational sociology was a field which provides the basis for social progress and the solution of social problems:  Education was thought to be the means to develop the society.  The school might succeed in teaching the people to exercise social control in an intelligent way that culture would progress to the highest level possible.

Education in Educational Sociology A second conception of educational sociology is the determination of the aims and objectives of education: providing the aims for education. Educational sociology analyzes objectively the aims and purposes of education based on an analysis of society and the needs of people in society.

Application of Sociology to Education Educational sociology is defined as the application of sociology (principles, etc.) to educational problems: curriculum development and specific problems. In his paper, Zeleny (1948) said that educational sociology cannot be a pure science; it must be applied to the control of education.

Educational process as Socializing process The entire process of socializing a child is the area of educational sociology. Why? Individuals are affected by social groups which serve as a field of cultivating social culture, esp. better personality development. Brown (1947): educational sociology is interested in the impact of cultural milieu in which and through which experience is acquired and organized.

Role of Education in Society Educational sociology analyzes the role of education in the community and society: a) emphasizing the function of educational institutions in the community, b) the social relationship between the school and other aspects of the community, c) the patterns of social interaction and social roles within the school community, and d) the relation of personalities of the school to outside groups.

SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION It is a scientific analysis of the human relations in the field of education. Survey of various approaches to educational sociology have led to the conclusion that there is no place for a sociological analysis and application in the field of education, but rather the major contribution of sociology to the educational system (Brookover, 1978)  Educational sociology does not contribute to the analysis of human relations ---not sociology.

Sociologists are more interested in the educational process and the system of social relations within the school system. It is simply a sociologist who specializes in his thoughts and research on the educational process. Angell (1928) said that educational sociology is a branch of pure sociology; in contrast, he preferred to call this area of discipline Sociology of Education, because the approach is through the school as a source of data.

Reasons for preferring sociology of education to educational sociology: Education does not include all of sociology. If so, do teachers need training in sociology? Educational sociology is not a technology of education; rather, it is hoped that educational administrators will know sociology and will use it in the administration of the school. Sociology of education is the scientific analysis of the social processes and social patterns in the school system: the human relations both formal and informal.

OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION Relation of the Educational System to Other Aspects of Society: In the processes of social and cultural change or maintenance of status quo; With the diverse racial, cultural, and other groups; In the process of social control; With the social class or status system; With the public opinion; In the democratic culture.

OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION Human relations within the School: the analysis of the social structure within the school: The nature of the school culture, as it differs from the culture outside the school; The nature of the patterns of stratification within the school; The relationship between teachers and pupils; The analysis of the clique and congeniality group structure in the school system. The nature of the leadership patterns and power structure in the school groups.

OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION The relation between the School and Community, including: The influence of community to the school organization; The analysis of power structure that affects the school; and The analysis of the relation between the school system and other social systems in the community.

OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION The Impact of the School on the Behavior and Personality of its Participants: teachers, pupils, and others in the educational system, including: The social roles of the teacher; The nature of teacher’s personality; The impact of teacher’s personality on the behavior of students; The role of the school in the growth, adjustment and/or maladjustment of children; and The nature of behavior as a result of authoritarian or democratic school situations.

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