Conducting Black Spot Analysis of Motor Vehicle Crashes 机动车事故的黑点分析

: Houston region - 243,616 serious crashes inc. 1,793 fatalities and 274,926 persons injured The region accounted for: 26% of all statewide crashes 27% of all statewide injury crashes 17% of all statewide fatal crashes The region has 22% of the statewide population and, approximately, 21% of the statewide VMT Likelihood of a fatal or injury crash was: 36% higher than statewide average 145% higher than national average 问题

交通事故空间信息系统 Crash Records System Spatial Referencing/GIS Spatial/Analysis Tools Analytical Algorithms Linked Databases Routine Reports Ad hoc Analysis Applications Real-time Information

A Spatial Crash Information System is A Decision Support System 交通事故空间信息系统是一个决策支持系统

Spatial Operations & Applications Black Spot Analysis Crash Risk Analysis Spatial Location Spatial Modeling Project Analysis Forecasting/Planning Future Interventions Hazardous Location Identification Crash Reports

Purpose of the Program Build a traffic safety program that can reduce crashes Map the crashes Identify hazardous locations and area Conduct the necessary preliminary engineering Implement roadway improvements Identify funding sources Leverage local investment with State and Federal funds Support other safety efforts Enforcement Education Safety partnerships

Program Implemented Through Tasks

Task: Build a GIS-based Crash Information System Obtained crash data for entire system State highways Local roads Obtain data on an annual basis Developed geo-referencing methodology Added supplementary data sets (VMT) Developed crash analysis tools

确定导致交通事故的因素 Improper driving behavior 不正确的驾驶行为 High-risk population 高风险人群 High-risk cities & counties 高风险城市与县城 High crash roadways and intersections (black spots) 事故易发路段和交叉口

高风险驾驶行为 : RegionU.S.* Speeding 超速 39%13% Failing to yield 不让行 20%19% Failing to stop 不停车 11% 9% Running a red light 闯红灯 8% 5% DUI 酒后驾驶 7% 7% (However, involved in 37% of fatal crashes/39% nationally) Following too close 跟太近 3% 3% Improper turn 转向错误 2% 2% * National Safety Council. U.S. average for Fatal and injury crashes only

高风险人群 High-risk Populations RegionU.S.* Teenagers21%16% (9% of driving age population/5% nationally 17% in fatal crashes /14% nationally 19% in incapacitating injury crashes) Elderly (65+) 8%8% (9% of driving age population/13% nationally 11% in fatal crashes/13% nationally 9% in incapacitating injury crashes) Male drivers79% - (1.7 times more likely to be in fatal crash/1.4 nationally) Pickup truck drivers31%31% (More likely to be involved in DUI crash) * National Safety Council. U.S. average for All crashes.

City Crash Risk （城市各区风险） (Crashes Per 100 Million VMT) CityCrash risk Galveston 337 Baytown 334 Rosenberg 320 Pasadena 290 Conroe 247 Houston 231 Texas City 211

Task: Conduct Safety Studies Identify hazardous locations Partner with local government, TxDOT Conduct engineering study Make mitigation recommendations Mitigate hot spots

2008

Have identified areas that are hazardous for pedestrians and bicyclists (‘hot spots’) Information is used for bike/ped planning Examine sidewalk, traffic control and pedestrian flow dynamics to identify mitigation measures Task: Improve Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety

Truck crashes are a major problem 27% of the State’s truck crashes Information provided on location of crashes Support Houston Police Department’s truck weighing efforts TxDOT has implemented “no truck in left lane” policies on several freeways Task: Improve Truck Safety

Have identified 344 major crash hot spots (78+ crashes between ) Estimating benefits and costs of mitigating Programming into RTP Task: Develop Strategic Safety Plan

Costs and Benefits of Hot Spot Mitigation (Preliminary) Annual Number Estimated Estimated Type of Facility Numberof Crashes Cost to Mitigate Annual Benefit Freeway 150 7,766 $75 million$58 million Intersection between freeway & arterial road 70 3,756 $35 million$28 million Arterial road 124 4,930 $62 million$37 million

Other Safety Activities Safety services Train local planners in safety planning Safety courses for judges, Mayors, etc. Provide safety materials for schools Safety partnerships Governmental (TxDOT, DPS, local jurisdictions) Private, non-profit (insurance, associations) Community groups Promoting good design principles Review project designs for safety Encourage constituents to include safety in design

Crash Risk Analysis

1. 正确的决策基于分析 2. 通过黑点分析确定有问题的地区 3. 理解黑点地区机理才能确保分阶段采取相应的合 理处理措施 结论 :