Quantitative Chemical Analysis Seventh Edition Quantitative Chemical Analysis Seventh Edition Chapter 4 Statistics Copyright © 2007 by W. H. Freeman and Company Daniel C. Harris

mean Standard deviation

A Gaussian curve in which μ = 0 and σ = 1. A Gaussian curve whose area is unity is called a normal error curve. In this case, the abscissa, x, is equal to z, defined as z = (x − μ)/σ.

HOW CLOSE IS YOUR MEASURED AVERAGE TO THE REAL VALUE?

Federal official vote for the state of Florida (25 electoral votes) Presidential CandidateVote Total%Party George W. BushGeorge W. Bush (W)2,912, Republican Al Gore2,912, Democratic Ralph Nader97, Green Patrick J. Buchanan17, Reform Harry Browne16, Libertarian John Hagelin2, Natural LawNatural Law/ReformReform Howard Phillips1, Constitution Other3, — Total5,963,110 Source: 2000 OFFICIAL PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS2000 OFFICIAL PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS

CAN YOU THROW OUT OUTLAYERS?

0.11/0.2 = 0.55 For 5 measurements Q = 0.65 So…….. KEEP!

WHAT LINE CAN YOU DRAW THROUGH THE POINTS??

WHAT LINE CAN YOU DRAW THROUGH THE POINTS??

calibration (-blanks)

Standard addition

Internal standard

Standard addition calibration (-blanks)