Freshwater Marine or Saltwater Aquatic Biomes

Stream River Lotic Zones- flowing Freshwater Ecosystems Lake Wetland Lentic Zones-Standing

How are aquatic biomes categorized? Salinity Depth Waterflow

Types of aquatic organisms: Plankton-Surface floaters

Surface floating, primary producers Primary consumers

Nekton: Free swimming

Benthos: Bottom Dwellers

LAKES

Lake Tanganyika, Africa Lake Baikal, Asia Caspian Sea, Asia Lake Tanganyika, Africa Lake Baikal, Asia Lake Baikal in Russia is the oldest lake in the world. It is a tectonic lake that is 650 km long, 80 km wide, and up to 1.6 km deep. The lake holds 23,000 km3 of water. This is 20% of all the liquid fresh water on Earth’s surface. Lake Baikal is home to 1,200 species of animals and 1,000 species of plants. About 80% of these species are found only in Lake Baikal. The shores of Lake Baikal are also home to 1 million people, and 3.8 million people live in the lake’s How do lakes form? Lakes form as surface water runoff, groundwater and rainfall collect in Earth’s natural depressions on its surface or it falls into man made reservoirs.

Structure of a Lake Littoral Zone: Shallow area, algae grows, rooted plants, turtles, frogs etc. NUTRIENT RICH PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS HERE-Most productive zone LOTS OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Limnetic Zone: no rooted plants, LOTS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ZOOPLANKTON AND PHYTOPLANKTON (lots of producers for food chain-creates a lot of DISSOLVED OXYGEN). Extends as long as sunlight can penetrate Profundal zone: NO SUN, NO PRODUCERS. LOTS OF DECOMPOSING BACTERIA which consume D.O. in the process of decomposition. LOW in D.O. Benthic zone: bottom. Decomposers feed on organic matter that makes its way down Overturns: upwelling of nutrients to the top  dissolved oxygen to the bottom

Structure of a Lake

Algae

Types of productivity to classify lakes Oligotrophic-newly formed lake-low nutrients, low productivity Mesotrophic- in between Eutrophic-extremely high nutrients, high productivity (lots of plants, algae growth), more bacteria (decomposers) and that decreases D.O.

Eutrophic Lake

Marsh Freshwater Wetlands Swamp Bog

Wetlands Water at or near the surface for some time→ shallow enough to support plant life Characteristics: High Net Primary Productivity (lots of photosynthesis), high biodiversity Dubbed “Nature’s Kidneys” Environmental services provided: Natural recharge to groundwater Habitat space Nursery shelter Filtering toxins Reducing floods and erosion

Marshes Grasses. reeds. SPARTINA (ex. salt marsh)

Bog Acidic waters, floor covered in moss Low in nutrients

Swamps Dominated by water loving trees

Mangrove Swamp

Human impacts on wetlands: Pollution Cleared for farming, residential or commercial development

Amazon River, South America Yangtze River, China Rivers may originate from underwater springs (Nissequogue) or runoff from snow or rain Congo River, Africa Amazon River, South America Yangtze River, China End Day 1

HW: Finish Life in the Ocean Article and Questions Do Now: Take out HW from last night. Draw a picture of the layers of the open ocean and label: -intertidal zone -continental shelf -bathyal zone -abyssal zone -euphotic zone

Rocky Shore Sandy Shore http://youtu.be/0VLhQTWRqr4

Oceans Because water absorbs light, sunlight that is usable by plants for photosynthesis penetrates only about 100 m into the ocean.

Coastal Zones – Characteristics Located - from high tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf. Nutrient rich warm water High productivity 90% of all marine species

Intertidal zone Living in the tide It’s the area of the shoreline between high and low tide. Deals with changes in NaCl levels and temperature extremes. Urchins, kelp, mussels, sea star

BARRIER ISLAND

A Barrier island is a long ridge of sand or narrow island that lies parallel to the shore and helps protect the mainland. Fire Island, A.C., Palm Beach

Corals live only in clear, warm salt water where there is enough light for photosynthesis.

Coral Reefs Coral reefs are limestone ridges found in tropical climates and composed of coral fragments that are deposited around organic remains. https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=47vGQh4BGKM

Coral Reefs are in Danger of Being Lost If the water surrounding a reef is too hot or too cold or if fresh water drains into the water surrounding a reef, the corals may die.

If the water is too muddy, polluted, or too high in nutrients, the algae that live within the corals will either die or grow out of control. This may kill the corals.

Importance of Coral Reefs PROTECTION TO COASTLINES ECONOMIC RESOURCES BIODIVERSITY NATURAL BEAUTY

D.O. and Nutrients in the Ocean Concentration of nutrients in open ocean much less than that of soil Oceans do contribute a decent amount to overall net primary productivity D.O.-VARIES! In areas where there is a lot of phytoplankton and primary producers, there will be D.O. At the bottom of the ocean there IS D.O.

DEPLETING THE WATER-60MINS http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/depleting-the-water/

Life in the Ocean article- Read and answer the questions. Finish for HW

HW: Study for exam tomorrow-Ch. 5, 6 HW: Study for exam tomorrow-Ch. 5, 6. Watch-Depleting the Waters-CBS 60 minutes (14mins) Exam topics: 1) Terrestrial biomes characteristics (notes from presentations) 2) How to read a climograph 3) Air circulation notes (reason for seasons, winds-look at chapter diagrams) 4) Aquatic Biomes: Freshwater notes (zones of lakes, classification of lakes, nutrient, dissolved oxygen locations, ecological benefits. Types of marine organisms 5)Marine HW questions-coral reefs, estuaries (ecological benefits), open ocean productivity, open ocean layers Do Now: Take out Life in the Ocean questions (to be checked) Agenda: Go over some questions Planet Earth: Oceans Video clip

Planet Earth: Deep Ocean https://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A2KLqIAgXGtUaykARbr7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBza2VqYWU4BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQDBGdwb3MDMTQ-?p=Planet+Earth+oceans&vid=b7fe4d5f7526d5bb3391a38226e6fb2a&l=48%3A10&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts2.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DVN.608028036439934029%26pid%3D15.1&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymotion.com%2Fvideo%2Fx1d0pge_bbc-planet-earth-11-of-11-ocean-deep_tv&tit=BBC-+Planet+Earth+-+11+Of+11+-+Ocean+Deep&c=3&sigr=12gpo1ioc&sigt=119rfb5vr&age=0&hsimp=yhs-002&hspart=btbar&tt=b

Multiple Choice 1. Organisms living in coastal areas must adapt to what changes? A. water level and degree of salinity B. water level and amount of sunlight C. temperature and availability of oxygen D. temperature and availability of nutrients

Multiple Choice 1. Organisms living in coastal areas must adapt to what changes? A. water level and degree of salinity B. water level and amount of sunlight C. temperature and availability of oxygen D. temperature and availability of nutrients

Multiple Choice, continued 2. Oil spills, sewage, pesticides, and silt runoff have been linked to the widespread destruction of what kind of marine ecosystem? A. coastal wetlands B. coral reefs C. mangrove swamps D. salt marshes

Multiple Choice, continued 2. Oil spills, sewage, pesticides, and silt runoff have been linked to the widespread destruction of what kind of marine ecosystem? A. coastal wetlands B. coral reefs C. mangrove swamps D. salt marshes

Multiple Choice, continued 3.Which of the following correctly lists types of organisms in aquatic ecosystems from shallowest to deepest? A. plankton, nekton, benthos B. plankton, benthos, nekton C. benthos, plankton, nekton D. benthos, nekton, plankton

Multiple Choice, continued 3.Which of the following correctly lists types of organisms in aquatic ecosystems from shallowest to deepest? A. plankton, nekton, benthos B. plankton, benthos, nekton C. benthos, plankton, nekton D. benthos, nekton, plankton

Multiple Choice, continued 4. What is the difference between swamps and marshes? A. Marshes attract birds, swamps attract amphibians. B. Marshes are freshwater, swamps are saltwater. C. Marshes contain non-woody plants, swamps contain woody plants. D. Marshes are mostly in the southeast U.S., swamps in the northeast U.S.

Multiple Choice, continued 4. What is the difference between swamps and marshes? A. Marshes attract birds, swamps attract amphibians. B. Marshes are freshwater, swamps are saltwater. C. Marshes contain non-woody plants, swamps contain woody plants. D. Marshes are mostly in the southeast U.S., swamps in the northeast U.S.

Multiple Choice, continued 5.Which of the following would be considered among the most productive of ecosystems? A. barrier island B. estuary C. river D. salt marsh

Multiple Choice, continued 5.Which of the following would be considered among the most productive of ecosystems? A. barrier island B. estuary C. river D. salt marsh