The Skeletal and Muscular Systems In this lesson, you will Learn About… The functions of the skeletal and muscular systems. How bones and muscles work together to allow movement. How to keep your bones and muscles healthy.

Bell Work How many bones are in your body?

Standards 1 : The student will comprehend concepts related to health promotion to enhance health.

Indicators N Explain the benefits of engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity daily.

Relevance When you are not physically active, name three things that can happen to your body.

The Skeletal and Muscular System The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are : Skeletal system. Muscular system. Muscular system Joint. Joint Cartilage. Cartilage Ligament. Ligament Tendon. Tendon

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement You depend on your skeletal and muscular systems to support you and help you move.

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement (cont’d.) The skeletal system gives the body structure and protects the internal organs.skeletal system The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones as well as many joints and connecting tissues.joints

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement (cont’d.) The muscular system consists of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs. It supplies power to move the body. The human body has more than 600 muscles.

The Skeletal System Rib cage Cranium (skull) Cervical vertebrae (neck bones) Clavicle (collarbone) Scapula (shoulder blade) Sternum (breastbone) Tarsals (ankle) Metatarsals (foot) Femur (thighbone) Patella (kneecap) Tibia (shinbone) Fibula Humerus (upper arm) Ulna Radius Carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (hand) Phalanges (fingers and toes) Thoracic vertebrae (upper back) Lumbar vertebrae (lower back) Pelvis

The Skeletal System (cont’d.) The skeletal system has several types of joints. Some joints are immoveable, such as those in the skull. Others allow a wide range of movement.

The Skeletal System (cont’d.) Pivot Joint The end of the bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. The joint can move up and down and from side to side. One pivot joint is located between the first two vertebrae, connecting the head to the neck. Gliding Joint One part of a bone glides over another bone, allowing a small range of sideways movement. The vertebrae in the back that protect the spinal cord are examples of gliding joints. Ball-and-Socket Joint The ball-shaped head of one bone moves inside the cup-shaped socket of another. The joint can move in all directions. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. Hinge Joint This joint moves in only one direction, like a door hinge. The knee and elbow are hinge joints.

The Skeletal System (cont’d.) Connecting tissues link bones to muscles so that the two can work together to move parts of the body. Each type has a specific function: Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear. Ligaments hold bones in place at the joints; for example, in the knee and ankle. Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.

The Muscular System Muscle tissue responds to messages from the brain and contracts, or shortens, to cause movement. Involuntary muscles move without your being aware of them. There are two types: Smooth muscles, which include the muscles of internal organs and blood vessels Cardiac muscles, found only in the heart Skeletal muscles are voluntary or under your control.

The Muscular System (cont’d.) Skeletal muscles work in pairs to move your bones. Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Triceps brachii A.To bend the arm, muscles in the top part of the arm— especially the biceps brachii—contract, or shorten, pulling the bone of the forearm upward. At the same time, the triceps brachii—on the opposite side of the arm—must relax and extend, or lengthen. B.To straighten the arm again, the biceps brachii relax. The triceps brachii now contract, pulling the arm into a straight line.

Caring for Your Skeletal and Muscular Systems Keep the skeletal and muscular systems healthy by following these tips: Participate in regular physical activity. Follow a nutritious eating plan. Practice good posture. Lift objects carefully. Treat injuries quickly.

Reviewing Terms and Facts 1.List the three types of connecting tissue. Cartilage Ligaments Tendons

Reviewing Terms and Facts 2.Explain how your skeletal and muscular systems work together. The skeletal system supports and protects the body. The muscular system is connected to the skeletal system and the muscles contract or extend to cause movement of the bones.

3.Why do you think backaches may be caused by poor posture? Thinking Critically

Vocabulary Review The skeletal system is the framework of bones and other tissues that supports the body.

Vocabulary Review The muscular system consists of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs.

Vocabulary Review The place where two or more bones meet is called a joint.

Vocabulary Review Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear.

Vocabulary Review A ligament holds bones in place at the joints.

Vocabulary Review Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.