The Pacific Theater. War in the Pacific: Fighting the Japanese Bushido: death before dishonor and total obedience to their leader.

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Presentation transcript:

The Pacific Theater

War in the Pacific: Fighting the Japanese Bushido: death before dishonor and total obedience to their leader.

Annotated Map: The Pacific

Military Leaders: Part 2 Marshall Nimitz MacArthur Army Chief of Staff Sworn in on the day of the Invasion of Poland Coordinates the army out of Washington Admiral and commander of the US Navy in the Pacific Coordinates carrier attacks and island hopping Forced to evacuate from the Philippines Secures New Guinea, retakes the Philippines Supreme Commander for the Allied forces in Japan

While the war was coming to an end in Europe, the Allies continued to fight the Japanese in the Pacific

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the USA sent troops to the Pacific theater The turning point in the war in the Pacific came at the Battle of Midway After Midway, the Allies began to regain islands controlled by Japan The Pacific war revealed a new kind of fighting by using aircraft carriers

Fall of the Philippines and the Bataan Death March (1942) Bataan Death March Hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, American airfields in the Philippines are also attacked by the Japanese Troops retreat to Bataan, MacArthur evacuated to Australia. O April 9 th, 1942 Allied troops surrender and 75,000 prisoners (12,000 Americans and 63,000 Filipinos) were forced to march 65 mi to a prison camp Men were grouped into 100 with 4 Japanese guards. Camp O’Donnell could only hold 10,000 POWs. Japanese killed 10,000-20,000 on march. POWs were dying in the camps at an average of 45 deaths each day. POWs were rescued in 1945.

Japan did not play by traditional rules in war “Kamikaze” pilots flew planes into battleships & aircraft carriers Japanese soldiers refused to surrender & tortured Allied prisoners of war

Battle of the Coral Sea (May 4-8,1942) American code breakers intercept a message that warns them of a Japanese attack on New Guinea. Admiral Nimitz sends carriers to intercept; first battle where aircraft carriers engaged Four days of battle: 70 Japanese and 66 American warplanes destroyed Japanese forced to call off their landing in New Guinea due to the loss of their carriers Shoho and Shokaku Also enables U.S. victory at Midway

Midway- June 1942 Midway- June 1942 (turning point!!!) After intercepting a Japanese message in code, Nimitz stations carriers at Midway to ambush Japanese forces. 3 Japanese carriers destroyed in minutes Japanese retreat and turning point in the war as the Japanese lose the core of their fleet

Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug 1942-Feb 1943) First major offensive and a decisive victory for the Allies in the Pacific Theater Hope to take back the Philippines after this battle First battle for the 1 st Marine Division First time Kamikaze “divine wind” attacks were used Japanese lose 2/3 of their troops

Island Hopping ( ): Marines land crafts on coral reefs and wade ashore to take multiple islands in the Pacific LVT: A boat with tank tracks/ Amtrac: amphibious tractor Goal is to make it as close as possible to Japan for later invasion/bombing.

Iwo Jima Iwo Jima (Feb Mar. 26, 1945) 22,000 Japanese in underground tunnels; only 216 taken prisoner (knocked unconscious/disabled) Rough terrain; 6,800 Marines die Raising of flag on Mount Suribachi Chuck Tatum

OkinawaOkinawa (1945) Americans believe that the Japanese will not surrender until Japan is invaded Japanese are dug into caves and bunkers 12,000 American soldiers die as they fight up the steep slopes Japanese use the people of Okinawa as human shields. U.S. Marines are here when the atomic bombs are dropped and war ends.

FDR Dies!  April 12th, 1945

In 1945, the Allies won the islands of Iwo Jima & Okinawa From these islands, the U.S. began firebombing Japanese cities Aerial view of Tokyo during bombingVictims of Tokyo firebombing

So… Japan is in bad shape but here’s the problem: Japanese leaders will surrender under one condition- that the emperor stay in power. HOWEVER, Americans blame the emperor for the war and want him removed from power. WHAT DO WE DO?!?!?!