Lesson 2: What Causes Changes to Earth’s Landforms? What are some landforms we already learned about?

Wind and Water both change Earth’s landforms. Weathering – the process of wearing away rocks by natural means

Sand dunes are formed when the wind blows the sand into piles. They can be helpful or harmful. They can help protect the land during storms or they can damage nearby buildings and roads as they move inland.

Sand dune in Egypt Sand dune in Death Valley, California

Changes caused by water are called erosion and deposition.

Moving water has energy. Faster water = more energy. Within the water there is sediment. When water is moving quickly it causes erosion. When this water slows down, it causes deposition.

Erosion – the movement of sediment by wind or water *Underground erosion can cause caves to form. Things that cause erosion: o moving water – rain, ocean waves

Deposition – occurs when sediment falls out of water or is set down by the wind A river often deposits sediment at its mouth, the place where it empties into the ocean. Delta – an area of new land at the mouth of a river

Flood plains – areas by a river that are flooded often. They are rich in nutrients and good for farming. Example of a flood plain

1. Get into groups. 2. Read the question. 3. Decide on an answer within your group. 4. Raise your hands when your group has agreed on an answer.

A. Erosion Erosion B. Deposition Deposition C. Weathering Weathering

A. Erosion Erosion B. Deposition Deposition

A. Flood Plain Flood Plain B. Delta Delta C. Lake Lake D. Sand dune Sand dune

A. Deltas Deltas B. Flood Plains Flood Plains C. The mouths of rivers The mouths of rivers

GREAT JOB CLASS!! =)

 Most sinkholes are found where limestone is common, such as in Florida.  Gravity can make soil, mud, and rocks move quickly down a slope.  This form of erosion is called a landslide  Landslides can happen suddenly, especially after heavy rains or earthquakes.

 Ice can change landforms in several ways:  By weathering rocks  Glaciers shape landforms by erosion and deposition.

 Plants also cause weathering and erosion.  Plants help preserve and protect Earth’s landforms.  Cover crops help return nutrients to the soil and help prevent erosion.

Chapter 9 Lesson 2 1. W__________ and W___________ both change Earth’s landforms. 2. ____________________ – the process of wearing away rocks by ____________ means. Changes caused by Wind 1. _______________are formed when the wind blows the sand into piles. 2. They can be __________________ or __________________. They can help protect the land during storms or they can damage nearby buildings and roads as they move inland. Changes cause by Water 1. Changes caused by water are called ______________________ and __________________________. 2. When water is moving quickly it causes _____________________. 3. When this water slows down, it causes ____________________. 4. Moving water has energy. Faster water = ______________ energy. 5. Within the water there is _________________________. Erosion – the movement of sediment by wind or water *Underground erosion can cause ________________ to form. Things that cause erosion: o moving water – _______________, ocean ________________ Deposition – occurs when sediment falls out of water or is set down by the wind A river often deposits sediment at its________________, the place where it empties into the ocean. D____________ – an area of new land at the _________________of a _________________ Flood plains – areas by a river that are __________________often. They are rich in nutrients and good for _________________.

Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Sinkholes and Landslides  Most sinkholes are found where ________________is common, such as in Florida.  ______________can make soil, mud, and rocks move quickly down a slope.  This form of erosion is called a _______________  Landslides can happen suddenly, especially after heavy __________or _______________. ICE Ice can change landforms in several ways:  By weathering ______________  G________________ shape landforms by erosion and deposition. PLANTS  Plants also cause weathering and _______________.  Plants help preserve and _______________ Earth’s landforms.  ___________ crops help return nutrients to the soil and help prevent erosion.