The Rise of Civilizations

What is a civilization? Civilization is: the formation of a highly complex and organized group of people. Civilization is: the formation of a highly complex and organized group of people. A key in the development of a civilization is the creation of cities. A key in the development of a civilization is the creation of cities.

Features of Civilization There are 4 other features that are part of a civilization: There are 4 other features that are part of a civilization: Cities and Government Cities and Government Jobs and Technology Jobs and Technology Social Classes and Religion Social Classes and Religion Writing and Record Keeping Writing and Record Keeping

Cities and Government Cities- An area where people come together and live to: Cities- An area where people come together and live to: improve farming Develop artistic and technological skills Laws and government- rules and organization that establish order in civilization. Laws and government- rules and organization that establish order in civilization.

Jobs and Technology Cities grow and jobs must come to help meet the demands of the people. Cities grow and jobs must come to help meet the demands of the people. Technology: Tools, Machines, Architecture and other skills that enhance life. Technology: Tools, Machines, Architecture and other skills that enhance life.

Social Class SC- Groups with different levels of importance. SC- Groups with different levels of importance. Priests and Rulers Priests and Rulers Farmers and Merchants Farmers and Merchants Slaves Slaves

Rulers and Priests

Farmers

Slaves

Social Classes Rulers and Priests Farmers and Merchants Slaves

Religion and Government Religious and government leaders are often the same. Religious and government leaders are often the same. This system of government is called a theocracy. This system of government is called a theocracy. Claims of power to rule coming from the gods. Claims of power to rule coming from the gods. People believe that there are gods of life, death, marriage, and weather. People believe that there are gods of life, death, marriage, and weather. People engage in activities in hopes of pleasing the gods. People engage in activities in hopes of pleasing the gods.

Writing and Record Keeping As cities grow, people need ways to keep track of information As cities grow, people need ways to keep track of information Merchants create records to keep track of purchases and sales. Merchants create records to keep track of purchases and sales. Rulers record laws and taxes Rulers record laws and taxes Writing created in order to keep records Writing created in order to keep records

Pictographs Developed 5,000 years ago to help people express ideas and communicate Developed 5,000 years ago to help people express ideas and communicate Symbols are added later to represent ideas and objects. Symbols are added later to represent ideas and objects.

Cuneiform Cuneiform is a wedge-shaped script developed in 3300 B.C. by the Mesopotamians Cuneiform is a wedge-shaped script developed in 3300 B.C. by the Mesopotamians Around 500 wedges make up the Sumerian Alphabet Around 500 wedges make up the Sumerian Alphabet

The Fertile Crescent Stretches from Persian Gulf to eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea Stretches from Persian Gulf to eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea Includes two rivers: Tigris and Euphrates Includes two rivers: Tigris and Euphrates Between these 2 rivers is the land of Mesopotamia Between these 2 rivers is the land of Mesopotamia

City States City-States are independent states that include cities and their surrounding areas (3200 B.C.) City-States are independent states that include cities and their surrounding areas (3200 B.C.) Sumer B.C. Sumer B.C. Ur B.C. Ur B.C.

City States

The Nile Valley Home to the Egyptian Civilization (3000 B.C.) Home to the Egyptian Civilization (3000 B.C.) The consistent flooding of the Nile provides fertile soil for crops. The consistent flooding of the Nile provides fertile soil for crops.

The Narmer Palette The Narmer Palette tells the legend of King Menes uniting both the lower and upper Kingdoms of Egypt. The Narmer Palette tells the legend of King Menes uniting both the lower and upper Kingdoms of Egypt. The legend explains the rising of Egypt’s first dynasty The legend explains the rising of Egypt’s first dynasty A dynasty is a family of rulers. A dynasty is a family of rulers.

The Indus River Valley The Indus River Valley is located in modern Pakistan. The Indus River Valley is located in modern Pakistan. Sea Port, trading centers, and farming areas Sea Port, trading centers, and farming areas Brick homes arranged in a grid-like pattern Brick homes arranged in a grid-like pattern

The Huang He Valley Home of the Chinese Civilization. Home of the Chinese Civilization. Farmers began raising pigs and growing grains Huang He Valley as 6000 B.C. Farmers began raising pigs and growing grains Huang He Valley as 6000 B.C. People live in walled cities or towns. People live in walled cities or towns. Culture discovers how to create Bronze in 1700 B.C. (better tools, weapons, and other goods) Culture discovers how to create Bronze in 1700 B.C. (better tools, weapons, and other goods) A king rules the Huang He Valley and is assisted by the upper class. A king rules the Huang He Valley and is assisted by the upper class.