Jihad in Islam AWARE Center m m

Testimony of Faith: “I bear witness that there is no god but the One God and that Muhammad is His Messenger.” No false gods: human human material material ideological ideological self self Implications of One God: One people Equality Respect Cooperation Protection

Jihad Unending struggle for human perfection in self-discipline, reason, morals, behavior, and integrity. Knowledge Knowledge Truthfulness Truthfulness Sobriety Sobriety Courage Courage Moderation Moderation Chastity Chastity Charity Charity Humility Humility Patience Patience Faith Faith Compassion Compassion Forgiveness Forgiveness Purity Purity Gentleness Gentleness

Jihad Unending struggle for social perfection Life Life Liberty Liberty Equality Equality Dignity Dignity Justice Justice PEACE

life “…do not kill yourselves...” (4:29) “Do not kill your children out of fear of poverty…” (17:31) “Do not kill any person Allah has made inviolate, except with the right to do so.” (17:33) - self defense - capital punishment - combatants in war

Liberty (freedom from subjugation) “Say, ‘People of the Scripture! Come to a proposition which is the same for us and you – that we should worship none but God, and not associate anything with Him and not take one another as lords instead of God.’” (3:64) “Say, ‘People of the Scripture! Come to a proposition which is the same for us and you – that we should worship none but God, and not associate anything with Him and not take one another as lords instead of God.’” (3:64)

equality The prophet Muhammad repeatedly said, “I bear witness that all people are brothers.” The prophet Muhammad repeatedly said, “I bear witness that all people are brothers.” He told his followers that “an Arab is not superior over a non-Arab, nor a white over a black… the most honored of you is the most righteous of you.” He told his followers that “an Arab is not superior over a non-Arab, nor a white over a black… the most honored of you is the most righteous of you.”

dignity “The alms are for the poor, the destitute, those who collect it, reconciling people’s hearts, freeing slaves, those in debt, spending in the way of Allah, and travelers. It is a legal obligation from Allah. Allah is All-Knowing, All- Wise.” (9:60) “The alms are for the poor, the destitute, those who collect it, reconciling people’s hearts, freeing slaves, those in debt, spending in the way of Allah, and travelers. It is a legal obligation from Allah. Allah is All-Knowing, All- Wise.” (9:60) “Do not consume one another’s property by false means, but only by means of mutually agreed trade.” (4:29) “Do not consume one another’s property by false means, but only by means of mutually agreed trade.” (4:29) “Women have rights similar to men.” ( “Women have rights similar to men.” (

Justice The foundation of peace and progress. “…be upholders of justice… even against yourselves or your parents and relatives. (4:135) (i.e. don’t let the love of a people prevent you from being just.) “…be upholders of justice… even against yourselves or your parents and relatives. (4:135) (i.e. don’t let the love of a people prevent you from being just.) “…bear witness in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness.” (5:8) “…bear witness in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness.” (5:8)

What is Jihad? The struggle for self-perfection The struggle for self-perfection The struggle for social perfection The struggle for social perfection Ultimately, the struggle for peace Ultimately, the struggle for peace

Does Jihad = voilence ?????

Do Muslims Love Violence? First 13 years, Muslims were not allowed to fight, even when they were tortured, imprisoned, exiled, and killed. First 13 years, Muslims were not allowed to fight, even when they were tortured, imprisoned, exiled, and killed. “Permission to fight has been granted to those against whom war is wrongfully waged… (22:39) “Permission to fight has been granted to those against whom war is wrongfully waged… (22:39) “Fighting is prescribed for you even (though) it is hateful to you. It may be that you hate something when it is good for you… God knows and you do not know.” (2:216) “Fighting is prescribed for you even (though) it is hateful to you. It may be that you hate something when it is good for you… God knows and you do not know.” (2:216)

When is violence justified? When necessary to restore peace: When necessary to restore peace: “If two parties of the believers fight, make peace between them. But if one of them attacks the other unjustly, fight the attackers until they revert to God’s commands. If they revert, make peace between them with justice, and be fair. God loves those who are fair.” (49:9) (49:9)

When is violence justified? When necessary to restore liberty, dignity: When necessary to restore liberty, dignity: “What reason could you have for not fighting in the Way of God – for those men, women and children who are oppressed and say, ‘Our Lord, take us out of this city whose inhabitants are wrongdoers! Give us a protector from You! Give us a helper from You!’” (4:75) (4:75)

When necessary as self-defense: When necessary as self-defense: “Fight, in the way of God, against those who fight you, but do not go beyond the limits. God does not love those who go beyond the limits.” “Fight, in the way of God, against those who fight you, but do not go beyond the limits. God does not love those who go beyond the limits.” (2:190) (2:190) “…expel them from where they expelled you.” “…expel them from where they expelled you.” (2:191) (2:191) When is violence justified?

1978 UN General Assembly Resolution reaffirmed: 1978 UN General Assembly Resolution reaffirmed: “ the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples for independence… from... foreign occupation by all available means, particularly armed struggle.” “ the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples for independence… from... foreign occupation by all available means, particularly armed struggle.” When is violence justified?

Retaliation for aggression: “And fight in God’s cause against those who initially wage war against you, but do not initiate aggression for, verily, God does not love aggressors… Thus if anyone commits aggression against you, attack him just as he attacked you – but remain conscious of God, and know that God is with those who are conscious of Him.” (2:190, 194) When is violence justified?

Jihad Mohammed’s rules of engagement: Never kill innocent people Never kill innocent people Never torture prisoners of war Never torture prisoners of war Never kill animals or destroy crops, except for food Never kill animals or destroy crops, except for food Never mutilate the dead Never mutilate the dead Don’t destroy infrastructures Don’t destroy infrastructures Protect women, children, the elderly Protect women, children, the elderly Bury the dead of both sides Bury the dead of both sides Provide prisoners’ needs Provide prisoners’ needs see

What is Jihad? The struggle for self-perfection The struggle for self-perfection The struggle for social perfection The struggle for social perfection The struggle for peace The struggle for peace

LifeLibertyEqualityDignityJustice PEACE