HIV/AIDS Impacts on Conservation Capacity Dealing with the Challenges of HIV/AIDS at the College of African Wildlife Management-Mweka, Tanzania Dr. Julius Zelothe Supervisor of Health Center at Mweka College and Hubert H. Humphrey Fellow 2007/08 at Emory University Tuesday July 22,2008 USAID Washington, DC

College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka (CAWM) We hold it in trust

About The College The College of African Wildlife was established in 1963 as a pioneer institution for the training of African Wildlife Managers Since this time the College has been a leader in providing quality wildlife management training in Africa It has trained over 4000 wildlife managers from 28 African countries and 23 non- African countries since 1963

Enrollment There has been an increase in student enrollment for the past 5 years Ages Ages Female/Male=1:6 Female/Male=1:6 Academic Year Academic Year 2003/42004/52005/62006/72007/8 TZ Non- TZ Total

Some Countries Trained Students at CAWM Tanzania Tanzania Botswana Botswana Cameroon Cameroon Burundi Burundi Rwanda Rwanda DRC DRC Ethiopia Ethiopia Kenya Kenya Zambia Zambia Malawi Malawi Mozambique Mozambique Uganda Uganda Southern Africa Southern Africa The Netherlands The Netherlands Germany Germany Hungary Hungary Japan Japan India India Norway Norway United Kingdom United Kingdom United States of America United States of America Sweden Sweden Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia

Students Activity at Mweka College

Students in Field Activities

Illegal activities in protected areas

Why Mweka College is Working on HIV/AIDS male students away from their families for long periods students travel often for field activities ill students and staff dealing with grief and taking care of AIDS patients impacts absenteeism impacts on conservation etc

Impact of HIV/AIDS on Conservation Capacity Loss of human capacity to AIDS is seriously affecting conservation, including protected areas and community-based natural resource management. Loss of human capacity to AIDS is seriously affecting conservation, including protected areas and community-based natural resource management. Many conservation organizations have lost highly trained staff to the disease. This is particularly serious in Africa where conservation capacity is already limited. Many conservation organizations have lost highly trained staff to the disease. This is particularly serious in Africa where conservation capacity is already limited. Training replacement staff is very expensive- Training replacement staff is very expensive- if funds available at all. Wildlife training institutions have an important role to play in addressing the impacts of HIV/AIDS to conservation work place. Wildlife training institutions have an important role to play in addressing the impacts of HIV/AIDS to conservation work place.

Vulnerability of Conservation Sector protected area staff are posted to remote areas away from families drivers and community workers are frequently away from home, visiting different areas law enforcement officers may use undue influence over local women law enforcement staff often rotated between protected areas to reduce corruption/build experience HIV/AIDS awareness is often low and prevention not promoted (e.g. condom availability)

Response to HIV/AIDS To address the increasing HIV/AIDS crisis, a multi-sectoral approach has been taken up in Tanzania as a strategy to curb the epidemic HIV/AIDS workplace response is one of the important interventions since it brings the control measures close to the workers HIV/AIDS is a threat to workers’ rights. People with HIV/AIDS are often subjected to stigmatization and discrimination

Mweka College’s HIV/AIDS Workplace Policy Development   July 2004: HIV/AIDS workshop at CAWM supported by ABCG -$800   May 2005: 2days workshop at CAWM, funded GTZ and MNRT -$ 8000   December 2005: family members workshop, funded by MNRT/CAWM   August 2005: HIV/AIDS Workplace Policy was in place   December 2006: HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan was in place

Why the CAWM Response Directive from the Government of Tanzania that all organizations should develop AIDS Workplace policies Directive from the Government of Tanzania that all organizations should develop AIDS Workplace policies : 5 workers and family members died of AIDS : 5 workers and family members died of AIDS 6 students died of AIDS 6 students died of AIDS 4 students and 2 employee were HIV+ 4 students and 2 employee were HIV+

Policy Statements Information Education, Communication/Behavior Change Communication Promotion of Condoms 3000 condoms distributed 2006/March 08 Access to PMTCT Access to treatment of STIs

Information on HIV/AIDS

Clients Waiting

Service Provider

Policy cont… Policy on HIV Testing Policy on Care and Treatment of PLHAS Policy on Work Place Safety Policy on Reduction of Stigma Policy on Management Consideration

Strategic Plan HIV/AIDS committee formed and operational by December 2008 HIV/AIDS committee formed and operational by December workshops on HIV/AIDS awareness conducted by June workshops on HIV/AIDS awareness conducted by June 2009 HIV/AIDS issues mainstreamed into CAWM Curriculum by January 2009 HIV/AIDS issues mainstreamed into CAWM Curriculum by January 2009 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework developed and operational by December 2008 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework developed and operational by December 2008

Issues on Discrimination Management ensures that no People Living with HIV/AIDS(PLHA) are discriminated Management ensures that no People Living with HIV/AIDS(PLHA) are discriminated Conduct annual workshop on HIV/AIDS discrimination Conduct annual workshop on HIV/AIDS discrimination Disciplinary action regulation developed and operational by December 2008 Disciplinary action regulation developed and operational by December 2008

HIV/AIDS confidentiality regulation developed and operational by December 2008 HIV/AIDS confidentiality regulation developed and operational by December % of the College community attend awareness campaign 100% of the College community attend awareness campaign 100% of College community receive education on HIV/AIDS 100% of College community receive education on HIV/AIDS

Voluntary Testing and Counseling Quality VCT center in place by January 2010 Quality VCT center in place by January % of the College community members attend VCT by December % of the College community members attend VCT by December % of the College community members know their status 50% of the College community members know their status Disseminate information to encourage more people to test for HIV Disseminate information to encourage more people to test for HIV

A system to identify those that stigmatize and discriminate HIV+ people in place by January 2009 A system to identify those that stigmatize and discriminate HIV+ people in place by January 2009 Regulations to avoid stigmatization and discrimination in place by 2009 Regulations to avoid stigmatization and discrimination in place by 2009 Produce brochures addressing issues on stigma and discrimination and distribute to people Produce brochures addressing issues on stigma and discrimination and distribute to people

Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission(PMTCT) 80% of pregnant women test for HIV by January % of pregnant women test for HIV by January 2011 Mainstream PMTCT into Ante natal Clinic (ANC) services Mainstream PMTCT into Ante natal Clinic (ANC) services Provisional of antiretrol viral prophylaxis for HIV+ pregnant women Provisional of antiretrol viral prophylaxis for HIV+ pregnant women Provisional for Antiviral drugs for people in need Provisional for Antiviral drugs for people in need

Stigmatization Conduct 2 stigma awareness workshops/seminars annually up to 2011 Conduct 2 stigma awareness workshops/seminars annually up to 2011 Numbers of College members willing to test for HIV/AIDS increased by 70% December 2012 Numbers of College members willing to test for HIV/AIDS increased by 70% December 2012 Number of College members willing to disclose voluntarily their HIV status increased by 50% by 2015 Number of College members willing to disclose voluntarily their HIV status increased by 50% by 2015

Challenges The HC need to be expanded The HC need to be expanded Stigma and discrimination still widely prevalent at all level Stigma and discrimination still widely prevalent at all level Ensuring effective and efficient referrals/networking to other care services, especially after the introduction of ARVs in Tanzania Ensuring effective and efficient referrals/networking to other care services, especially after the introduction of ARVs in Tanzania Lack of VCT facilities at the College Lack of VCT facilities at the College No funds allocated for HIV/AIDS activities No funds allocated for HIV/AIDS activities

Next Steps at Mweka and for Conservation Training Institutions Develop a module on HIV/AIDS and Conservation Linkages for the College that deals with and provides coping strategies on: Impacts to the Conservation Workforce Mainstream HIV/AIDS in the curriculum Increased natural resource use Changes in land use

Next Steps cont… Ensure supply of condoms available Ensure supply of condoms available Integrated VCT service result in immediate and routine referral of HIV infected patients available to care Integrated VCT service result in immediate and routine referral of HIV infected patients available to care VCT for HIV is an essential link between HIV prevention, HIV care, support behavior change and a link with interventions to prevent MTCT and STIs VCT for HIV is an essential link between HIV prevention, HIV care, support behavior change and a link with interventions to prevent MTCT and STIs 60% of people wants to know their status, but only10% are tested for HIV 60% of people wants to know their status, but only10% are tested for HIV

Anticipated Costs In order to have VCT center at Mweka can cost $30,000 In order to have VCT center at Mweka can cost $30,000 Training of 2 Counselors: $ 5,200 Training of 2 Counselors: $ 5,200 Mainstream HIV/AIDS into the College Curriculum: $10,000 Mainstream HIV/AIDS into the College Curriculum: $10,000 Monthly allowance for Monthly allowance for Counselors ($300) and Laboratory Technician ($150)

Contact DR Julius Zelothe, Hubert Humphrey H. Fellow College of African Wildlife Management-Mweka P. O. Box 3031 Moshi, Tanzania Phone: Fax: Cell: