Classification: Organizing Life’s Diversity Taxonomy, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family. Warm-up: 1.What is it called when natural selection leads.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification: Organizing Life’s Diversity Taxonomy, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family. Warm-up: 1.What is it called when natural selection leads to the creation of a new species? (Yes, this again) 2.Embryology and homologous structures imply that multiple species may share what? 3.What is the name for the chart below? Speciation A common ancestor A cladogram

Organizing Life’s Diversity  At least 1.7 million species of living organisms have been discovered  The list grows longer every year  What should we do with them?  How are they to be classified?

Classification:  A. How classification begins:  1. Biologists want to better understand organisms so they organize them.  2. One tool that they use to do this is classification: a. the grouping of objects or information based on similarities.

Taxonomy:  The branch of biology that groups and names organisms based their different characteristics.

Aristotle’s System:  The Greek philosopher Aristotle ( B.C.) developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification.  He classified all the organisms he knew into two groups: plants and animals.  According to his system, birds, bats, and flying insects are classified together even though they have little in common besides the ability to fly.

Linnaeus’s System:  In the late eighteenth century, a Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus ( ), developed a method of grouping organisms that is still used by scientists today.  Based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.  As a result, the groupings revealed the relationships of the organisms.

Linnaeus’s System  Linnaeus developed a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature to identify species.  Each species is assigned a two part scientific name.  Scientific names are always written in italics.  The first word is capitalized and the second word is lowercase.  Homo sapiens

Linnaeus’s System  The first part of the scientific name is the genus.  The second part of the scientific name is the species.  Do Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus belong to the same species or to the same genus?

Linnaeus’s System  Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification includes eight levels.  Each of these levels is called a taxon.  From smallest to largest  Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain

Taxonomic Categories  Kingdom (most broad) K ing  Phylum P hilip  Class C ame  Order O ver  Family F or  Genus G reen  Species (most specific) S oup

Linnaeus’s System  Species: organisms that look alike and successfully interbreed ; the smallest and most specific of the taxonomic categories  Domain: the largest and most inclusive of the taxonomic categories

Scientific and Common Names  Taxonomists are required to use Latin.  Why do scientists use Latin names for classification?  Because it is no longer used in conversation so it never changes.

 Which taxon contains the others? A. Order B. Class C. Genus D. Family