ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 11 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART A The Cardiovascular System

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Cardiovascular System  A closed system of the heart and blood vessels  The heart pumps blood  Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body  The function of the cardiovascular _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart  Location  _________ between the _____  Pointed ____ directed toward ___________  About the size of your fist

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart Figure 11.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Coverings  ______________ – a double serous membrane  _______________________  Next to heart  _______________________  Outside layer  ______ ________fills the space between the layers of pericardium

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Heart Wall  Three layers  _____________  Outside layer  This layer is the parietal pericardium  ________________________  _____________  Middle layer  Mostly ___________________  _____________  Inner layer  ______________

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Chambers  Right and left side act as separate pumps  Four chambers  _________  __________ chambers  Right atrium  Left atrium  _______________  ___________ chambers  Right ventricle  Left ventricle Figure 11.2c

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Circulation Figure 11.3

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Valves  Allow blood to flow in only one direction  Four valves  __________________ valves – between atria and ventricles  _________________(left)  __________________(right)  ____________________between ventricle and artery  _______________semilunar valve  _________semilunar valve

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Valves  Valves open as blood is pumped through  Held in place by _________ ___________ (“heart strings”)  Close to prevent ___________

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Operation of Heart Valves Figure 11.4

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Associated Great Vessels  ________  Leaves left ventricle  ____________________  Leave right ventricle  ___________  Enters right atrium  ___________________(four)  Enter left atrium

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Coronary Circulation  Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium  The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system  Coronary arteries  Cardiac veins  Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Heart Contractions  Contraction is initiated by the ____________ ______  Sequential stimulation occurs at other autorhythmic cells

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Heart Contractions Figure 11.5

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac Cycle Figure 11.6

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Cardiac Cycle  Atria contract simultaneously  Atria relax, then ventricles contract  _________ = contraction  _________ = relaxation

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Cardiac Output  Cardiac output (CO)  Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute  CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])  Stroke volume  Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiac Output Regulation Figure 11.7