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Concepto: los comparativos

What you will find in this presentation: 1. Review: How to make adjectives agree in gender. 2. What is a comparative adjective 3. The use of “que” or “de”. 4. Special Comparative Words 5. Comparatives of Equality 6. Practice Exercises

Things that you need to remember about adjective gender agreement. A. Adjectives agree with nouns. B. Adjectives ending in “o”. C. Adjectives ending in “e”. D. Adjectives ending in a consonant.

Nouns have gender. Nouns have gender. Ex: el libro Ex: el libro “ Libro ” is a noun (meaning “book”). “ Libro ” is a noun (meaning “book”). It is masculine. It is masculine. Most of the time, when something is masculine, we use the word “el” in front of it. Most of the time, when something is masculine, we use the word “el” in front of it. “El” means “the” in English. “El” means “the” in English.

Nouns have gender. Nouns have gender. Ex: el libro Ex: el libro “ Libro ” is a noun (meaning “book”). “ Libro ” is a noun (meaning “book”). If we want to describe this noun, we place the adjective AFTER the noun. If we want to describe this noun, we place the adjective AFTER the noun. Let’s say “The book is boring.” Let’s say “The book is boring.” “El libro es aburrido.” “El libro es aburrido.” “ aburrido” is an adjective it must agree with whatever the gender of the noun is. “ aburrido” is an adjective it must agree with whatever the gender of the noun is.

Nouns have gender. Nouns have gender. Ex: la clase Ex: la clase “ Clase ” is a noun (meaning “class”). “ Clase ” is a noun (meaning “class”). If we want to describe this noun, we place the adjective AFTER the noun. If we want to describe this noun, we place the adjective AFTER the noun. Let’s say “The class is boring.” Let’s say “The class is boring.” “La clase es aburrida.” “La clase es aburrida.” “ Aburrida” is an adjective; it must agree with whatever the gender of the noun is. “ Aburrida” is an adjective; it must agree with whatever the gender of the noun is.

Nouns have gender. Nouns have gender. “El libro” is masculine. “El libro” is masculine. “La clase” is feminine. “La clase” is feminine. “Aburrido” is an adjective that ends in “o”. “Aburrido” is an adjective that ends in “o”. This means if we are describing a noun that is feminine, the adjective must be feminine also; therefore, we change the “o” to “a”. This means if we are describing a noun that is feminine, the adjective must be feminine also; therefore, we change the “o” to “a”.

Nouns have gender. Nouns have gender. “El libro” is masculine. “El libro” is masculine. “La clase” is feminine. “La clase” is feminine. “Interesante” is an adjective that ends in “e”. “Interesante” is an adjective that ends in “e”. The “e” ending is considered neutral; therefore, it will stay the same for masculine and feminine nouns. The “e” ending is considered neutral; therefore, it will stay the same for masculine and feminine nouns. “El libro es interesante.” “El libro es interesante.” “La clase es interesante.” “La clase es interesante.”

Nouns have gender. Nouns have gender. “El libro” is masculine. “El libro” is masculine. “La clase” is feminine. “La clase” is feminine. “Fácil” is an adjective that ends in a consonant. “Fácil” is an adjective that ends in a consonant. The consonant ending is considered neutral; therefore, it will stay the same for masculine and feminine nouns. The consonant ending is considered neutral; therefore, it will stay the same for masculine and feminine nouns. “El libro es fácil.” “El libro es fácil.” “La clase es fácil.” “La clase es fácil.”

Comparative Adjectives are adjectives used to compare two different nouns and sometimes two different verbs. Comparative Adjectives are adjectives used to compare two different nouns and sometimes two different verbs. In English, we compare in two different ways. In English, we compare in two different ways. 1. We sometimes add “er” to an adjective. 1. He is louder than she is. 2. We sometimes add “more” or “less” before the adjective. 1. He is more loud than she is. 2. He is less loud than she is.

In Spanish, we do more of the second example. We add “more” or “less” before the first thing that is being compared. In Spanish, we do more of the second example. We add “more” or “less” before the first thing that is being compared. Example: He is more nice than she. Example: He is more nice than she. Example: She is less nice than he. Example: She is less nice than he. It will be important for you to know how to express “more” or “less”. It will be important for you to know how to express “more” or “less”. more- más less- menos

In Spanish, we do more of the second example. We add “more” or “less” before the first thing that is being compared. In Spanish, we do more of the second example. We add “more” or “less” before the first thing that is being compared. Example: He is more nice than she. Example: He is more nice than she. He is more nice He is more nice Él es más simpático Él es más simpático than – que than – que she- ella. she- ella. He is more nice than she. He is more nice than she. Él es más simpático que ella. Él es más simpático que ella.

In Spanish, we do more of the second example. We add “more” or “less” before the first thing that is being compared. In Spanish, we do more of the second example. We add “more” or “less” before the first thing that is being compared. Example: She is less nice than he. Example: She is less nice than he. She is less nice She is less nice Ella es menos simpática Ella es menos simpática than – que than – que he- él. he- él. She is less nice than he. She is less nice than he. Ella es menos simpática que él. Ella es menos simpática que él.

When the object that we are comparing to is singular, we use “que”. When the object that we are comparing to is singular, we use “que”. When the object that we are comparing to is plural, we use “de”. When the object that we are comparing to is plural, we use “de”. Example: The house is prettier than the apartment. Example: The house is prettier than the apartment. the house is prettier- la casa es más bonita than – que the apartment- el apartamento. The house is prettier than the apartment. La casa es más bonita que el apartamento. Note: The object being compared (the apartment) is singular; therefore, we used “que” instead of “de”.

When the object that we are comparing to is singular, we use “que”. When the object that we are comparing to is singular, we use “que”. When the object that we are comparing to is plural, we use “de”. When the object that we are comparing to is plural, we use “de”. Example: The house is prettier than the apartments. Example: The house is prettier than the apartments. the house is prettier- la casa es más bonita than – de the apartments- los apartamentos. The house is prettier than the apartments. La casa es más bonita de los apartamentos. Note: The object being compared (the apartment) is plural; therefore, we used “de” instead of “que”.

Like English, Spanish has special comparative words. A couple are the same as English and a couple are different. Here are a couple comparatives that are special in English. Like English, Spanish has special comparative words. A couple are the same as English and a couple are different. Here are a couple comparatives that are special in English. “better” “better” “worse” “worse” AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative goodbetterthe best goodbetterthe best badworsethe worst badworsethe worst These comparative (and superlative) adjectives are special in English, because we do not say: “more good” or “gooder”. We also do not say “more bad” or “badder”. These comparative (and superlative) adjectives are special in English, because we do not say: “more good” or “gooder”. We also do not say “more bad” or “badder”.

Here are the four special comparative words in Spanish. Here are the four special comparative words in Spanish. Note: None of these words requires the use of “mas” or “menos”, just like in English, we wouldn’t use “more” or “less” for our special comparatives. Note: None of these words requires the use of “mas” or “menos”, just like in English, we wouldn’t use “more” or “less” for our special comparatives. AdjetivoComparativo AdjetivoComparativo buenogoodmejorbetter buenogoodmejorbetter malobadpeorworse malobadpeorworse viejooldmayorolder viejooldmayorolder jovenyoungmenoryounger jovenyoungmenoryounger These special comparatives end in “r”; therefore, we do not need to make them agree in gender, but they can become plural. These special comparatives end in “r”; therefore, we do not need to make them agree in gender, but they can become plural.

Example: She is older than he. she is older-ella es mayor she is older-ella es mayor than-que (because “he” is singular) than-que (because “he” is singular) he-él. he-él. Ella es mayor que él. Ella es mayor que él. Note: We did not use “más” or “menos” because “mayor” is a special adjective. Note: We did not use “más” or “menos” because “mayor” is a special adjective.

Example: They are worse than I. they are worse-Ellos son peores they are worse-Ellos son peores than-que (because “I” is singular) than-que (because “I” is singular) I-yo. I-yo. Ellos son peores que yo. Ellos son peores que yo. Note: We did not use “más” or “menos” because “peores” is a special adjective. Note: We did not use “más” or “menos” because “peores” is a special adjective. Note: We changed “peor” to “peores” because “ellos” is plural, and we must make the adjective agree with the subject. Note: We changed “peor” to “peores” because “ellos” is plural, and we must make the adjective agree with the subject.

Example: I am younger than they. I am younger-yo soy menor I am younger-yo soy menor than-de (because “they” is plural) than-de (because “they” is plural) they-ellos. they-ellos. Yo soy menor de ellos. Yo soy menor de ellos. Note: We did not use “más” or “menos” because “menor” is a special adjective. Note: We did not use “más” or “menos” because “menor” is a special adjective. Note: We changed “que” to “de” because the object being compared is plural. Note: We changed “que” to “de” because the object being compared is plural.

When something is considered equal in Spanish, we say: “as ____ as”. When something is considered equal in Spanish, we say: “tan ________ como”. Example: He is as nice as I. El es tan simpático como yo. El es tan simpático como yo. Example: The house is as big as the apartment. La casa es tan grande como el apartamento. La casa es tan grande como el apartamento. Note: The word “tan” by itself means “so” and is used for emphasis. Example: She is so mean. Example: She is so mean. Ella es tan antipática. Ella es tan antipática.

Before working on the assessment to see your progress at this point, make sure to complete the question before clicking to see the answer. Before working on the assessment to see your progress at this point, make sure to complete the question before clicking to see the answer. 1. The first click will show all the problems. 1. The first click will show all the problems. 2. Write your answers on a piece of paper LARGE and NEATLY 2. Write your answers on a piece of paper LARGE and NEATLY 3. Then click for each individual answer. 3. Then click for each individual answer. 4. Correct your work. DO NOT ERASE, because you need to see where your mistake is. 4. Correct your work. DO NOT ERASE, because you need to see where your mistake is. 5. Take each piece of the number at a time, as it takes a step by step process to create comparatives. 5. Take each piece of the number at a time, as it takes a step by step process to create comparatives.

1. She is better than I. 2. They are fatter than you. 3. She is as tall as they. 4. She is taller than they. 5. She is taller than I. 6. My sisters are younger than I. 7. His essay is worse than our essays. Ella es mejor que yo. Ella es tan alta como ellos. Mis hermanas son menores que yo. Ellos son más gordos que tú. Ella es más alta de ellos. Ella es más alta que yo. Su ensayo es peor de nuestros ensayos.

1. Check over your work. 1. Check over your work. 2. If you had any errors, make sure to be aware of what they were. 2. If you had any errors, make sure to be aware of what they were. If they were common errors, then make sure you aware of that error before the exam. If they were common errors, then make sure you aware of that error before the exam. 3. If you had different kinds of errors, and are having difficulties with comparative adjectives; this is the point when you need to come into office hours for help on resolving your issues with the content. That’s what I am here to assist you with. 3. If you had different kinds of errors, and are having difficulties with comparative adjectives; this is the point when you need to come into office hours for help on resolving your issues with the content. That’s what I am here to assist you with. 4. If your errors are minor and consistent, make sure to fix those errors. 4. If your errors are minor and consistent, make sure to fix those errors.