WORLD WAR ONE THE AFTERMATH

Allies of World War I Population (millions) Military deathsCivilian deathsTotal deaths Deaths as % of population Military wounded Australia bAustralia b 4.561, %152,171 Canada dCanada d 7.264,9442,00066, %149,732 Indian EmpireIndian Empire g g , %69,214 New Zealand lNew Zealand l 1.118, %41,317 Dominion of Newfoundland 0.21, %2,314 South AfricaSouth Africa r r 6.09, %12,029 United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland s s ,138109,000994, %1,663,435 Sub-total for British Imperial Forces -1,114,914111,0001,225,914-2,090,212 Belgium cBelgium c 7.458,63762,000120, %44,686 FranceFrance e e 39.61,397,800300,0001,697, %4,266,000 GreeceGreece f f 4.826,000150,000176, %21,000 ItalyItaly h h ,000589,0001,240, %953,886 Empire of Japan iEmpire of Japan i %907 Luxembourg jLuxembourg j 0.3See footnote MontenegroMontenegro k k 0.53, %10,000 Portugal nPortugal n 6.07,22282,00089, %13,751 RomaniaRomania o o ,000430,000680, %120,000 Russian Empire pRussian Empire p ,811,0001,500,0003,311, %4,950,000 Kingdom of Serbia qKingdom of Serbia q ,000450,000725, %133,148 United States tUnited States t , , %205,690 Total (Entente Powers)806.05,711,6963,674,7579,386, %12,809,280

Central Powers Population (millions) Military deaths Civilian deaths Total deaths Deaths as % of population Military wounded Austria- Hungary uAustria- Hungary u 51.41,100,000467,0001,567, %3,620,000 BulgariaBulgaria v v 5.587,500100,000187, %152,390 German Empire wGerman Empire w 64.92,050,897426,0002,476, %4,247,143 Ottoman Empire xOttoman Empire x ,8442,150,0002,921, %400,000 Total (Central Powers) ,010,2413,143,0007,153,2415%8,419,533 Neutral nations Norway zNorway z 2.41, % Sweden zSweden z % Grand total960.09,721,9376,821,24816,543, %21,228,813

Canadian Soldiers  It took months to get the soldiers home (caused resentment and anger)  Many returned with horrible injuries and could not work  Others returned with crippling emotional damage (some never re-adjusted to regular life)  Many felt disillusioned; they thought they had been lied to or that they fought for nothing  There was anger over the amount of money some business owners made from the war (war profiteering)  However, Canada did introduce of generous pension plan to assist veterans

Industry  Many economic problems came to Canada after the war  Dozens of factories closed down and thousands of people were put out of work  Women were often fired to make room for returning soldiers  Wages were drastically reduced

The Spanish Flu  A new form of the influenza (flu) virus hit the world in 1918  Named “The Spanish Flu” because of the lack of military censorship in Spain, other countries hid the flu’s true impact  Around the world, the flu killed almost 21 million people  Some researches believe that 40 million people died (adding 20 million from India)  In Canada, the flu killed almost as many as the entire war

Workers in Canada  Many soldiers felt “empowered” after the war and wanted better rights and wages  The success of the Russian Revolution and the ideas of communism also inspired many low paid workers  Labor Unions began to form across Canada  Wealthy Canadians became paranoid about the threat of communist revolt (THE RED SCARE)

What is Communism?  Communism is a political philosophy that states that private property and personal wealth are harmful to people  It also states that all power in society should belong to “workers” (proletariat) and that violent revolution should be used to overthrow the rich (bourgeoisies)  Finally, communism is about complete equality between people (from each according to their ability to each according to their need)

Why was communism such a threat?  The wealthy and powerful within Canada were terrified of communism  A communist revolution would mean the loss of their property and power; perhaps even death  In reality, Communism also features nationwide poverty, mass executions and a complete lack of personal freedom

The Winnipeg General Strike 1919  In Winnipeg, over 35,000 workers went on strike, shutting down the entire city  The strike lasted for almost 2 months before the government stepped in  The government used soldiers and police to beat, shoot and kill protesters  The strike was completely crushed  During the years after the war, many strikes and labor movements were crushed in a similar way

Key Points  The Spanish Flu killed thousands in Canada and millions around the world  Soldiers came back from the war feeling angry and wanting better rights  Canada experienced economic problems right after WWI  The RED SCARE is a fear of communist revolution  The Winnipeg General Strike crushed by the government