Geographic Determinism The Foundation Period of World History.

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Presentation transcript:

Geographic Determinism The Foundation Period of World History

Environmental Determinism Genetics vs. Environment Escaping Eurocentrism Studying History as a Science Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond Student Drawing of Early Man (Cro-Magnon) Features, misconceptions, tools,… Using Interactive Notebook (TCI History Alive) Omega 3 influence on development 50,000 years ago, where is man located “Eve” Genetic theory How did we get to where we are?

Domestication of Plants Plants available for domestication 56 large-seed grass species 32 located in Mediterranean-wheat, barley,… 6 located in East Asia-rice varieties 4 located in Sub-Saharan Africa 11 located in Americas-maize 2 located in Australia-(Macadamia nut)

Domestication of Animals Animals available for domestication 72 species available (weight over 100 lbs.) 13 (32) located in Eurasia—18% of available 1(24) located in America—4%--Extinction (Neolithic) 0 (51) located in Sub-Saharan Africa—0% 0 (1) located in Australia—0%--Extinction (Neolithic)

Requirements of Animal Domestication Diet humans can supply Rapid growth rate +100 lbs. Ability to breed in captivity Tractable disposition Submissive social structure Do not panic when enclosed (fence)

East-West Axis vs North-South Axis East-West axis has same latitude Small climatic variation Facilitates idea diffusion North-South axis has varying latitudes Creates varying climates Changes survival needs of plants and animals

Spread of Food and Animals Chickens, rice and citrus fruit China>Europe Horses Ukraine>China & Fertile Crescent>Europe Sheep, goats, cattle, wheat and barley Fertile Crescent>East & West

Spreading Diseases from Animals Measles---Dog Influenza---Pig Smallpox & Tuberculosis---Cow 95% of Pre-Columbian Native American population exterminated Malaria---Chickens/birds Recent Avian Flu outbreaks in SE Asia

Creating Advanced Societies Hunter-Gatherer societies egalitarian Food storage and Production =Stratified societies =Development of technologies writing>metallurgy>swords and armor>guns Competing societies create inventions and reduce cultural loss –Japanese gun technology vs European =Increased population densities develop

Increased Population Densities in Asia Dysentery number one cause of high infant mortality rates in Europe,Africa and Americas. Cultural and environmental differences in societies affects societies China and India use of tea leaves leads to accidental purification of water=lower infant mortality rates

Conquest: Europe vs World Countries of conquest need: Ships Political organization Writing Pizzaro (200) vs Atahuallpa (80,000) Europeans vs Africa King Leopold’s Ghost by Adam Hochschild Untold African Holocaust—10 million killed

Mankind: The Experiments Medieval period—ideas are moving from Islam to Europe 1500 to present ideas are moving from West to Islam Tasmania-1642 CE -First European or Asian contact in over 10,000 years Population 4,000 Neolithic hunter-gatherers Chinese Treasure Fleets Zheng He-Chinese Admiral and Muslim eunuch 4 expeditions-1600 ships 62 flag ships—400 feet long-1,000 sailors (Pinta—75 feet long) Emperor Zhu Gaozhi recalls due to internal problems Chinese lost innovative edge and turned inwards 1421: The Year China Discovered America by Gavin Menzies