Latin America in the 20 th Century Chapter 32. Mexico: Revolution  1876-1910: Diaz’s repressive dictatorship Export economy w/ elite land ownership Foreign.

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Presentation transcript:

Latin America in the 20 th Century Chapter 32

Mexico: Revolution  : Diaz’s repressive dictatorship Export economy w/ elite land ownership Foreign control spreads nationalism  : Civil War & Revolution Turmoil as Villa & Zapata push for peasant- based reforms: land reform Only modern warfare allowed Obregon to end dispute amidst widespread devastation

Mexico: Revolutionary Aftermath  Constitution of 1917 Secular Redistribution of land Education  Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI) One-party rule & stability Economic growth rather than social justice  Multi-party democracy & NAFTA today

Political & Economic Change  Nationalism from economic dependence 1920s & 1930s – liberal ideals challenged by authoritarianism 1950s & 1960s – Cold War brings communism to region 1960s & 1970s – military dictators oust communists 1980s – democracy ~All with heavy U.S. involvement

1920s & 1930s  Liberal democracies dominated by elites  Depression, intellectuals, universities call for radical change  Art reacts to Western failing w/ indigenism

Brazil  Authoritarianism echoes Europe’s interest in Fascism  Vargas Industrialization & Political repression  WWII – side with Allies leading to democracy

1950s & 1960s  Governments swing toward communism Cold War brings foreign involvement  Guatemala Nationalizing United Fruit prompts CIA coup

Cuba  Castro reactions to U.S. influence  Communism = Failed economic policies Successful social programs  Che Guevara exports communist ideology

1960s & 1970s  Conservatives & U.S. counter communism w/ military rule  Political & economic stability w/o human rights

1980s  Democracy U.S. wins Cold War Military regimes lack success  Communist sympathies remain

Societies in Search of Change  Catholicism  Indigenous equality  Women Legal equality but lagging social progress  Urbanization

Global Connections Independent & democratic …but problems remain… Yielding middle position b/t developed & developing world

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