International and Comparative Research on Policing American Society of Criminology Philadelphia, PA. November 4, 2009

Juvenile Delinquency and Violence: Examining International Police and Societal Response Gordon A. Crews & Angela West Crews American Society of Criminology Philadelphia, PA. November 4, 2009

Initial Research … 3 Juvenile Delinquency and Violence: Examining International Police and Societal Response A Volume in the Advances in Police Theory and Practices Series (Dr. Dilip K. Das) CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group

4 Goths Preppie Gangs Vampires Wiccan, Witches, & Warlocks Satanists “New” Youth Groups U.S. Experience

5 No evidence of a “Satanic Conspiracy” ~ STILL! American youth interests seem to be more in alcohol, drugs, and entertainment (OPPOSITE of MOST International Experiences) Most anti-social acts are misdirected at best Isolated incidents of “Satanic Violence” but MASSIVE MEDIA COVERAGE

6 European Experiences England Youth reading tabloids picked up interest in “Black Metal” and associated behavior Mimicking what they see in other areas France Youth dabbling in Occult (grave desecrations) Hysteria in police and society Germany Police raids of homes and arrests Confiscation of CDs and arrests for “distribution of National Socialistic, anti-Semitic, racist, and violent releases” Italy Heavy Metal Band members involved in murder Media frenzy and social panic National reports of fear that bored youth seeking excitement

7 Scandinavian Experiences Finland Church Burnings and Desecrations Hysteria in police and society Members called “Penguins” Legislation pushed to ban “Black Metal Music” Norway Church Burnings (65 in 5 years ~ ) Anti-Christian “Black Circles” originated in early 1990s Sweden National hysteria due to church burnings

8 Eastern European Experiences Poland “Right-wing” “Black Metal Bands” inciting violence at concerts National panic due to church burnings Russia “Racist right-wing” “Black Metal Bands” inciting violence at concerts National panic due to news coverage of concerts

9 Middle East Experiences Beirut Police raids of dance clubs to find “Devil Worshippers” Men arrested who had long hair, beards, black metal t-shirts, and listening to Heavy Metal Music Men arrested for dancing w/o shirts Egypt Police raids of dance clubs to find members of “Satanic Organization” Police raids of homes to find evidence of “Subversive Cults” Massive arrests and confiscation of posters, CDs, and black metal t-shirts Men arrested for dancing with other men Jeddah Have banned anything connected to “Michael Jackson” since 1980s Youth arrested for dressing like him or listening to his music

10 Middle East Experiences Morocco Massive arrests of “Heavy Metal” band members and fans Charged with “undermining the Muslim faith” and “possessing objects contrary to good morals” Turkey Extensive police raids of “Heavy Metal” bars and private residences Confiscated jewelry, black t-shirts, CDs, black lights, and interrogations of youth Yemen “Piercing Panic” ~ arrests and questioning of people with piercings and tattoos

Any Questions? 11

Contact Information for Author Gordon A. Crews, Ph.D. Professor of Criminal Justice & Criminology Department of Criminal Justice & Criminology Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia