Mr. Gilmore Cordova High School I.B. History of the Americans

Sugar Act (1764) - taxes raw sugar & molasses along with silk, wine, coffee, and lumber. Indirect (taxed merchants) Stamp Act (1765) – taxed legal documents. Direct tax Quartering Act (1765) – Colonial assemblies had to pay to supply British troops Stamp Act Congress (1765) – 9 Colonies meet and declare Stamp Act unconstitutional Declaratory Act (1766) – Stamp Act repealed. Parliament declares they have right to tax colonies Townshend Revenue Act (1767) – tax on tea, glass, lead, paper, and paint British “Tyranny”

Colonial merchants first boycott British goods March British troops open fire into a crowd in Boston 1 st man killed was of African & native descent Known as the Boston Massacre killing British were seen as tyrants and killing people standing up for their rights Townshend Acts were repealed Colonial Reaction

1772 colonist burn the Gaspee, Colonists involved tried in England, seen as a violation of their right to trial by jury of peers Thomas Jefferson helps to organize a committee of correspondence between Britain & the colonies Tea Act (1773) – Favored British tea over smuggled tea December 1773 tea ships from the company land at Boston harbor, colonist board & dump tea into the harbor Intolerable Acts (1774) – Stripped key rights from Massachusetts

September delegates from 12 colonies meet in Philadelphia They agree to boycott British goods 97% decrease in British imports Threatened to stop exporting to Britain Promised a second Congress if needed First Continental Congress

April 18 th 1775 British General Gage sent troops to Concord, MA They had to pass through Lexington Patriots were waiting for them, 70 minutemen British fired killing 8 wounding 10 British moved on to Concord 400 militia forced British to retreat Shots Fired

Meets in Philadelphia and approves formation of a militia army for Boston June appoints George Washington as commander of the Continental Army Battle of Bunker Hill June turned back 2 British advances only to retreat due to lack of resources July 1775 Congress send Britain the Olive Branch Petition Stated we were still loyal to King George III King George refused the Olive Branch Petition Second Continental Congress

January 1776 Thomas Paine writes his pamphlet Common Sense calling for revolution Declaration of Independence followed on July 4 th by Thomas Jefferson Relies on philosophies of the Enlightenment

Continental army disadvantages were size, funding, discipline, & experience Advantages were fighting on home ground, unconventional fighting tactics, overextended British Army British General Howe quickly took NYC headed to Philadelphia Washington countered with a surprise attack Forced both to camp for winter Howe defeated Washington at battle of Brandywine Creek & captured Philadelphia Continental Congress had escaped before Howe entered city Fighting

General Burgoyne surrendered Saratoga 5,000 British troops taken prisoner Was a turning point for the war February 1778 Colonists signed two treaties with France, was the first country to recognize United States of America British moved to the south after Saratoga looking for loyalist help British dominated the South at first, capturing Savannah Georgia 1778 General Cornwallis forced surrender of 5,500 colonists in South Carolina Cornwallis is trapped at Yorktown Virginia by Washington & French navy He surrenders on October

Parliament voted to end war Treaty of Paris Sept England recognizes USA USA expanded to the Mississippi as its western boarder England kept Canada but gave Florida back to Spain France got their former colonies in Africa & Caribbean