USHC- 6.2b Explain the causes and effects of the social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture that took place during the 1920s, including the role of women, the “Red Scare,” the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas, Prohibition, and the Scopes trial. Explain the causes and effects of the social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture that took place during the 1920s, including the role of women, the “Red Scare,” the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas, Prohibition, and the Scopes trial.

Sacco and Vanzetti The new wave of nativism was furthered by the trial of Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanzetti. The new wave of nativism was furthered by the trial of Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanzetti. These avowed anarchists were accused of robbing an armored car and killing a guard, These avowed anarchists were accused of robbing an armored car and killing a guard, Their case became a cause celebre among liberals and civil rights advocates who claimed they were being prosecuted for their views and immigrant status. Their case became a cause celebre among liberals and civil rights advocates who claimed they were being prosecuted for their views and immigrant status. Although the prosecution had clearly not made the case against them, they were convicted and executed. Although the prosecution had clearly not made the case against them, they were convicted and executed. Historical evidence indicates they were most likely guilty. Historical evidence indicates they were most likely guilty.

Resurgence of the KKK In 1915, the movie The Birth of the Nation aroused racist sentiments against African Americans In 1915, the movie The Birth of the Nation aroused racist sentiments against African Americans “The Red Scare” and the Sacco and Vanzetti case added radicals, immigrants and Catholics to the list “The Red Scare” and the Sacco and Vanzetti case added radicals, immigrants and Catholics to the list The business climate of the 1920’s allowed the KKK to use advertising and business organization to promote membership. The business climate of the 1920’s allowed the KKK to use advertising and business organization to promote membership. ***It was a national organization with a strong following in the small towns and cities of the Midwest and South. ***It was a national organization with a strong following in the small towns and cities of the Midwest and South. ***They burned crosses, sent intimidating letters, encouraged firings, and resorted to lynching ***They burned crosses, sent intimidating letters, encouraged firings, and resorted to lynching Seeing themselves as moral regulators, Klansmen also targeted bootleggers and gamblers Seeing themselves as moral regulators, Klansmen also targeted bootleggers and gamblers However, Klan leaders involved in sex scandals and corruption undermined their moral regulator claims and the Klan faded from public view However, Klan leaders involved in sex scandals and corruption undermined their moral regulator claims and the Klan faded from public view

Immigration Restrictions As anti-immigrant sentiment turned to xenophobia, it also resulted in the passage of the immigration quotas in the National Origins Act of (resulted in various immigrant quotas) As anti-immigrant sentiment turned to xenophobia, it also resulted in the passage of the immigration quotas in the National Origins Act of (resulted in various immigrant quotas) This had been a goal of conservatives since the end of the 19 th century and was supported by arguments based on Social Darwinism and Anglo Saxon superiority This had been a goal of conservatives since the end of the 19 th century and was supported by arguments based on Social Darwinism and Anglo Saxon superiority ***Immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe was severely limited and Asians were barred entirely. ***Immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe was severely limited and Asians were barred entirely.

Temperance Movement As a result of anti-German sentiments and grain shortages during the war years, the temperance movement which had been advocating prohibition was finally successful on a national level. ***January 16, 1920 the 18th Amendment went into effect. (banned the making or selling of alcohol) Compliance was often a matter of class, ethnic background, and religious affiliation Soon illegal sources were filling the demand for alcohol

***Bootlegging - derived from hiding illegal flasks in their boots Bootleggers- suppliers of illegal alcohol Bootleggers- suppliers of illegal alcohol ***There it was transported to retail outlets and illegal bars called speakeasies ***There it was transported to retail outlets and illegal bars called speakeasies Lots of money can be made in bootlegging and organized crime grew Lots of money can be made in bootlegging and organized crime grew ***Gangsters like Al Capone used violence, intimidation, and bribes to control public officials ***Gangsters like Al Capone used violence, intimidation, and bribes to control public officials ***The 21st Amendment eventually ended prohibition on April 7 th, 1933 ***The 21st Amendment eventually ended prohibition on April 7 th, 1933

Origins of the Scopes Trial The revival movement led to the development of religious fundamentalism (believed in the literal truth of the Bible) The revival movement led to the development of religious fundamentalism (believed in the literal truth of the Bible) Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution challenged that belief. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution challenged that belief. Laws were passed disallowing Darwin’s, Theory of Evolution to be taught in the classroom. Laws were passed disallowing Darwin’s, Theory of Evolution to be taught in the classroom. The Scopes Trial, also known as the Monkey Trial, was the result of a Tennessee state law that forbade the teaching of evolution in public schools. The Scopes Trial, also known as the Monkey Trial, was the result of a Tennessee state law that forbade the teaching of evolution in public schools.

The Scopes Trial A young biology teacher, John T. Scopes, purposefully defied the law in order to bring a test case. He was arrested. A young biology teacher, John T. Scopes, purposefully defied the law in order to bring a test case. He was arrested. He was defended by the American Civil Liberties Union. He was defended by the American Civil Liberties Union. The clash of two famous lawyers, Clarence Darrow for the defense and William Jennings Bryan for the state, resloved nothing. The clash of two famous lawyers, Clarence Darrow for the defense and William Jennings Bryan for the state, resloved nothing. Although the teacher was fined, both sides believed that they had won the argument that continues to this day. Although the teacher was fined, both sides believed that they had won the argument that continues to this day.