Chapter 19-1 Criminal and Juvenile Justice Crime in American Society

Section Preview Understand why crime is a big problem in the U.S. Understand why crime is a big problem in the U.S. Summarize the major types of crime in America Summarize the major types of crime in America Analyze important causes of crime in America Analyze important causes of crime in America

What’s The Problem of Crime? Major problem because it affects so many Americans Major problem because it affects so many Americans When people and property are not safe, everyone becomes a victim of crime. When people and property are not safe, everyone becomes a victim of crime. One violent crime every 19 seconds One violent crime every 19 seconds One property crime every 3 seconds One property crime every 3 seconds So what? So what? Costs billions of $$ per year Costs billions of $$ per year Individuals, businesses Individuals, businesses Makes people afraid Makes people afraid Change the way they live Change the way they live Crime is not common everywhere Crime is not common everywhere More crime in urban areas More crime in urban areas More crime in poor neighborhoods than wealthy ones More crime in poor neighborhoods than wealthy ones

Types of Crime Crimes against people Crimes against people Violent crimes Violent crimes Assault Assault Attack someone with the intent of hurting them Attack someone with the intent of hurting them Weapon is used Weapon is used Homicide Homicide Killing another person Killing another person Murder if planned ahead of time Murder if planned ahead of time Manslaughter if not Manslaughter if not Not a crime if done in self-defense Not a crime if done in self-defense

Types of Crime Crimes against property Crimes against property Stealing Stealing Larceny – stealing without using violence Larceny – stealing without using violence Robbery – stealing using force or threat of violence Robbery – stealing using force or threat of violence Crime against people and property Crime against people and property Burglary – break into someplace with the intent to do something illegal Burglary – break into someplace with the intent to do something illegal Arson Arson Setting fire to property on purpose Setting fire to property on purpose Vandalism Vandalism Purposely damaging property Purposely damaging property

Types of Crime White Collar Crime White Collar Crime Non-violent Non-violent Done by white collar, professional workers Done by white collar, professional workers Done for personal or financial gain Done for personal or financial gain Fraud Fraud Taking property or money by cheating or lying Taking property or money by cheating or lying Embezzlement Embezzlement Stealing money from employer Stealing money from employer

Types of Crime Victimless Crimes Victimless Crimes No victim No victim Only hurts the one who commits them Only hurts the one who commits them Go against common values Go against common values Do they hurt innocent people? Do they hurt innocent people? Gambling Gambling Drug use Drug use

Types of Crime Crimes Against the Government Crimes Against the Government Treason Treason Betray your country by aiding the enemy Betray your country by aiding the enemy Terrorism Terrorism Use of violent acts to achieve their aims Use of violent acts to achieve their aims

Causes of Crime Poverty Poverty People cannot support themselves People cannot support themselves More likely to break the rules of society More likely to break the rules of society

Causes of Crime Rapid Social Change Rapid Social Change Values are changing Values are changing Technology is forcing changes in careers Technology is forcing changes in careers Families uprooted Families uprooted Poor Parenting Poor Parenting More children are neglected More children are neglected More dysfunctional families More dysfunctional families

Causes of Crime Drug Abuse Drug Abuse More “stoners” today More “stoners” today More crime to support their habits More crime to support their habits More Drugs = More Crime More Drugs = More Crime Permissive Courts Permissive Courts Punishments are too lenient Punishments are too lenient Most are put on probation or released early Most are put on probation or released early

Causes of Crime Not Enough Money for Police Not Enough Money for Police Put more cops on the street Put more cops on the street Violence in the Media Violence in the Media TV TV Movies Movies Video Games Video Games

Chapter 19-2 The Criminal Justice System

Section Preview Explain the role of the police Explain the role of the police Describe what happens when someone is arrested Describe what happens when someone is arrested Identify the steps in a typical criminal trial Identify the steps in a typical criminal trial Examine the challenges facing the criminal justice system Examine the challenges facing the criminal justice system Analyze several proposals for fighting crime Analyze several proposals for fighting crime

Role of the Police Police exist at all levels of government Police exist at all levels of government Local Local Patrol neighborhoods Patrol neighborhoods Write traffic tickets Write traffic tickets Investigate crime Investigate crime State State Varies by state Varies by state Enforce traffic laws on state highways Enforce traffic laws on state highways Federal (FBI) Federal (FBI) Drug enforcement Drug enforcement Gang activity Gang activity Interstate crimes (bank robbery, kidnapping) Interstate crimes (bank robbery, kidnapping) Terrorism Terrorism

Arrest Process Arrest Arrest Police have probable cause Police have probable cause Good reason to suspect someone has been involved in a crime Good reason to suspect someone has been involved in a crime Police have a warrant Police have a warrant Court-issued document giving police the right to arrest someone, or to search and seize their property Court-issued document giving police the right to arrest someone, or to search and seize their property Police must tell suspect of his rights (Miranda warning) Police must tell suspect of his rights (Miranda warning) Transfer to police station Transfer to police station Charges are documented Charges are documented Suspect may call lawyer Suspect may call lawyer Suspect put into jail cell Suspect put into jail cell Prosecutor (District Attorney) takes the case Prosecutor (District Attorney) takes the case Reviews case for adequate evidence Reviews case for adequate evidence

Trial Process Preliminary Hearing Preliminary Hearing Suspect (now defendant) appears in front of a judge Suspect (now defendant) appears in front of a judge Prosecutor pleads case for a trial Prosecutor pleads case for a trial Court appoints a lawyer (public defender) Court appoints a lawyer (public defender) Defendant’s lawyer called defense attorney Defendant’s lawyer called defense attorney Defendant enters a plea of guilty or not guilty Defendant enters a plea of guilty or not guilty Judge may set bail Judge may set bail Amount of money the defendant hands over as promise he will return for the trial Amount of money the defendant hands over as promise he will return for the trial Judge may set person free on his own recognizance Judge may set person free on his own recognizance

Trial Process Grand Jury Grand Jury If serious crime, grand jury may be convened If serious crime, grand jury may be convened citizens meet to consider probable cause citizens meet to consider probable cause Serves as a check on the government’s power Serves as a check on the government’s power Is there enough evidence to hold the defendant? Is there enough evidence to hold the defendant? If yes, return an indictment If yes, return an indictment A formal charge against the accused A formal charge against the accused If indicted, defendant is arraigned If indicted, defendant is arraigned Accused is formally charged and enters plea Accused is formally charged and enters plea

Trial Process Pretrial Motions (Ch19.2 – Q5) Pretrial Motions (Ch19.2 – Q5) Keep evidence from being heard in court. Why? Keep evidence from being heard in court. Why? Request for evidence by either side. Why? Pg 437 Request for evidence by either side. Why? Pg 437 Move the trial. Why? Move the trial. Why? Plea bargaining Plea bargaining Defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge or for a lighter sentence and a trial is not needed Defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge or for a lighter sentence and a trial is not needed

Going to Trial Jury Selection – voir dire Jury Selection – voir dire Citizens called to jury duty Citizens called to jury duty Interviewed by lawyers from both sides Interviewed by lawyers from both sides Looking for bias Looking for bias Witnesses Witnesses May be called by both sides May be called by both sides Both sides have right to question all witnesses Both sides have right to question all witnesses Jury must decide on basis of beyond a reasonable doubt Jury must decide on basis of beyond a reasonable doubt If can’t decide, then it’s called a “hung jury” If can’t decide, then it’s called a “hung jury”

Going to Trial If found guilty, sentencing If found guilty, sentencing Law sets minimum and maximum punishments Law sets minimum and maximum punishments Factors the judge considers Factors the judge considers Criminal record Criminal record Age Age Attitude Attitude Corrections System Corrections System Run by state or local government Run by state or local government May be paroled May be paroled Let out to serve rest of sentence outside of prison Let out to serve rest of sentence outside of prison

Challenges Facing System Courts and jails are overcrowded Courts and jails are overcrowded 1200 people appear in traffic court each week in Co Sprgs 1200 people appear in traffic court each week in Co Sprgs Proposals for fighting crime Proposals for fighting crime Prevent crime with Neighborhood Watch programs Prevent crime with Neighborhood Watch programs Solve social problems such as poverty Solve social problems such as poverty Be tougher on criminals Be tougher on criminals Mandatory sentencing, “3 strikes” laws Mandatory sentencing, “3 strikes” laws Use death penalty to deter criminals Use death penalty to deter criminals Improve rehabilitation of ex-inmates Improve rehabilitation of ex-inmates Educate them, or train them for good jobs Educate them, or train them for good jobs

Chapter 19-3 The Juvenile Justice System

Juvenile Courts State courts that deal with young people State courts that deal with young people Goal is to help troubled youth, not to punish them Goal is to help troubled youth, not to punish them Age cutoff is 18, sometimes 16 Age cutoff is 18, sometimes 16 Delinquent Delinquent A juvenile who is found guilty of a crime A juvenile who is found guilty of a crime Status offender Status offender Juvenile who is beyond the control of parents/guardians Juvenile who is beyond the control of parents/guardians In trouble because of truancy, running away, disobedience In trouble because of truancy, running away, disobedience

Juvenile Court Procedure Arrest Arrest Returned to parents Returned to parents Taken to county detention facility Taken to county detention facility Intake Intake Proceed with juvenile court process Proceed with juvenile court process Initial Hearing Initial Hearing Examine case for probable cause Examine case for probable cause Held until court trial Held until court trial Juveniles are not allowed to post bail Juveniles are not allowed to post bail

Juvenile Court Procedure Adjudicatory Hearing Adjudicatory Hearing Judge hears the case and decides guilt/innocence Judge hears the case and decides guilt/innocence Usually not public, no jury Usually not public, no jury Dispositional Hearing Dispositional Hearing Judge decides punishment Judge decides punishment Sent to state institution Sent to state institution Sent to group home Sent to group home Put on probation (#4 SG) Put on probation (#4 SG) Set free but under the supervision of probation officer Set free but under the supervision of probation officer

Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System Many problems with it (#5 on SG) Many problems with it (#5 on SG) Too little money Too little money Judges are overworked Judges are overworked Kids “slip through the cracks” Kids “slip through the cracks” Successes Successes Community residential homes Community residential homes Live normal lives with counselors Live normal lives with counselors Wilderness Programs Wilderness Programs Learn about themselves & their own capabilities Learn about themselves & their own capabilities

Juvenile Court Procedure Handout 1. “Your honor, the clerk says she saw Mark slip three CDs into his backpack. We found them there---with no sales slip.” Step: Initial Hearing Who said it? Police officer

Juvenile Court Procedure Handout 2. “Judge, my client has never been arrested before. This was an error in judgment for which he is very sorry.” Step: Adjudicatory hearing Who said it? Defense attorney 3. “Joe, the police say they caught you breaking windows. Let’s take a look at your record. Then I’d like to hear about your family situation and how things are going at school.” Step:intake Who said it? Social worker Social worker

Juvenile Court Procedure Handout 4. “I was with the girls who painted the side of Mr. Garcia’s car, but I didn’t actually do the painting.” Step: Adjudicatory hearing Who said it? Defendant 5. “Dolores, this is the fourth time you have been brought before me, and you have never shown any regret for your actions. I’m not going to give you any more chances. You will serve two years in a state institution for juveniles.” Step: Dispositional hearing Who said it? Judge Judge

Review 1. A _________is a legal paper allowing the police to make an arrest, search or seizure. warrant 2. ____is money a defendant gives to the court as a promise to return for trial. bail 3. A(n) ______________is a formal charge against a person accused of a crime. indictment 4. A court hearing in which an adult is formally charged with a crime is an _____________________. arraignment

Review 5. Agreeing to plead guilty in return for a lighter sentence is called _________________. plea bargaining 6. A planned killing is called a __________________. murder 7. The most frequent type of crime is crime against _________________. property 8. ___________ is one act that is a crime against both a person and property. Robbery

Review 9. In a criminal case, a jury must find the defendant guilty beyond ___________________________. a reasonable doubt 10. Those opposed to the death penalty see it as _____ and _____ __________, which is prohibited by the Constitution. Cruel, unusual punishment 11. ______________ is the process of trying to teach ex-prisoners how to live useful lives after they are released. Rehabilitation

Review 12. After release from jail, some ex-prisoners live in ________ houses to help them transition to a normal life. halfway 13. The first juvenile court was opened in Illinois in the year ______ In most states, a juvenile is under ____ years old. 18

Review 15. The ___________ hearing takes the place of the trial and is not public. adjudicatory 16. The __________ hearing follows the adjudicatory hearing. dispositional 17. The prohibition against excessive fines and bail is found in the (a) core Constitution or (b) Bill of Rights. (b) Amendment Letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his/her sentence outside of prison is called _____. parole

Review 19. A juvenile who has been found guilty of a crime is called a __________. delinquent 20. A ________ _________ is a juvenile who is judged to be beyond the control of his/her parents or guardians. status offender 21. _________ is a kind of sentence in which a person goes free but must be under the supervision of a court official. Probation

Review True or False 22. Most Americans view crime as one of the most important problems facing America today. True True 23. Victimless crimes are considered to be crimes because they may hurt society as a whole. True 24. Victimless crimes may hurt the people who commit them. True

Review 25. People blame poverty as a cause for crime. True 26. People blame harsh courts for crime. False 27. Our criminal justice system is characterized by too many cases and too few judges. True 28. Overcrowded prisons are the rule, not the exception. True

Review 29. In general, rehabilitation programs are a success in America. False 30. The main goal of our juvenile justice system is to place young people on probation. False 31. The main goal of our juvenile justice system is to punish young people who break the law. False 32. Defendants must testify on their own behalf. False

Review 33. New evidence may be introduced in closing arguments. False 34. In most cases the law sets minimum and maximum sentences for each crime. False 35. Most criminals serve their full jail terms. False 36. In juvenile court hearings, the defendant has no right to bail in most states. True

Review 37. Provides evidence to a court official in order to get a warrant. Police officer 38. Leads the government’s case against the accused. Prosecutor 39. Defends a suspect who cannot afford a lawyer. Public defender 40. Defends a suspect. Defense lawyer 41. Helps to decide whether an inmate may leave prison before his entire sentence has been served. Parole board member