Research: Harmonization of Medical and Nursing Professional Education in Southeast Asia SEAMEO TROPMED Network

Objectives Undertake comparative analysis of medical and nursing education in SEA; Identify issues and challenges in medical and nursing professions in SEA; Describe existing models of accreditation/ harmonization ; and Describe existing models of accreditation/ harmonization ; and Recommend policies and practical steps to promote harmonization in medical and Recommend policies and practical steps to promote harmonization in medical and nursing professions in particular and in higher education in general higher education in general

Design Qualitative using Case Study Design 10 countries in SEA are considered as 10 cases 10 countries in SEA are considered as 10 cases Unit of analysis is country Unit of analysis is country

Components Medical/ Nursing Education Higher Education Policies Medical/ Nursing Education Policies Medical/ Nursing Education Policies ASEAN MRA National Qualification Framework Quality Assurance Framework Regulatory Framework Regulatory Framework

Study limited to: Study limited to: Medicine: Basic medicine program Nursing : Bachelor of Nursing Nursing : Bachelor of Nursing

Data Collection Desk review/ Literature Review survey survey Visits to selected countries ( Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam) Visits to selected countries ( Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam) Interviews of stakeholders: Higher Education officials Accrediting/Regulatory Bodies Heads/Deans of selected schools Heads/Deans of selected schools Inputs from the Forum /validation

Results 1 st : Presentation of “what is" per country in terms of all the different aspects covered : 1 st : Presentation of “what is" per country in terms of all the different aspects covered : - Higher Education system in general - Nursing and Medical Education - Accreditation/QA ( Bodies, Policies, Processes) - Accreditation/QA ( Bodies, Policies, Processes) - Credit transfer system - Credit transfer system - Student Mobility mostly internal - Student Mobility mostly internal

QUALITY ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK ). In 2003, the General Department of Education Testing and Accreditation (GDETA) was set up under the Minister of Education and Training (MOET). It has since been responsible for the implementation of Quality Assurance in higher education in Vietnam. The GDETA has become a member of the Asia-Pacific Quality Network (APQN), International Network for Quality Agencies for Higher Education (INQAAHE) and the ASEAN Quality Assurance Network (AQAN). Country Case Study: Vietnam

Results….. 2nd Part: Comparative analysis: -Systems (Accreditation, NQF, CTS) -Medical/Nursing Education – Curricular approaches and structures – Entry requirement – Number of years – Learning outcomes/competencies – Teaching/learning activities – Assessment Methods – Degree conferred – Licensure examination

CountryAccrediting AgencyRemarks BruneiBrunei Darussalam National Accreditation Council (BDNAC)Mandatory CambodiaAccreditation Committee of CambodiaMandatory IndonesiaIndonesian Accreditation Agency for Higher Education in Health (IAAHEH) Mandatory Lao PDR Center for Quality Assurance (CEQA)Voluntary MalaysiaMalaysian Qualifications AgencyMandatory MyanmarMyanmar Medical CouncilVoluntary PhilippinesPhilippine Accrediting Agency for Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) Voluntary SingaporeMinistry of Health, Singapore Medical CouncilMandatory ThailandOffice of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC), The Office for National Education Standards and Quality Assessment (ONESQA) Mandatory VietnamNone but Internal QA is required : Accrediting Agency per country

Comparative Level (B.S. Nursing ) based on NQF CountryNo. of levelsB.S. Nursing Brunei86 Cambodia86 Indonesia9Acad- 6; Prof. 7 Lao PDR (proposed)86 Malaysia86 Myanmar (proposed)86 Philippines86 Singapore (WS Q F)75 Thailand (Higher Ed) NQF6;2; Vietnam (draft)86 ASEAN6-8

Comparative Level (Medical) based on NQF CountryLevelMedicine Brunei8 6 Cambodia86 Indonesia97 Lao PDR (proposed)8- Malaysia86 Myanmar (proposed)86 Philippines87 Singapore75 Thailand (Higher Ed; NQF)62 Vietnam ( draft)86

Presence /Absence of National Licensure Examination Country Brunei CambodiaNo national licensure- national exit examination IndonesiaNational Competency Examination Lao PDRNone MalaysiaNone MyanmarNone PhilippinesNational licensure examination consisting of written MCQs. Singaporenone ThailandThree-step licensure examinations (Basic, Clinical, OSCE) VietnamNone

Results ….. 3 rd part: 3 rd part: Description of Accreditation Models existing in SEA - Indonesian Model - Indonesian Model - Malaysian Model - Malaysian Model - Philippine Model - Philippine Model - Vietnam Model - Vietnam Model

Discussion Findings in relation to: Findings in relation to: - ASEAN Qualification Framework - CTS of AIMS; UMAP, AUN - CTS of AIMS; UMAP, AUN - ASEAN MRA - ASEAN MRA

Conclusions Presence of standardization/uniformity, comparability or substantial equivalence in the curricula of the 10 countries. Presence of standardization/uniformity, comparability or substantial equivalence in the curricula of the 10 countries. Development Gaps Development Gaps - Countries with well developed systems - Countries with well developed systems - Countries still in the process of development - Countries still in the process of development

Recommendations Measures to fill development gaps between countries Measures to fill development gaps between countries - Advocacy for policies - Capacity building - Information exchange - Technical assistance - Technical assistance

Statement of Expenditures ITEMSADBTROPMED Preparatory Activities 1, Data collection10, , Data management1, Others (Communication, bank charges) Documentation ( not yet) TOTAL12, , Budget Allocated20,000.00