1 Ch The Presidency Article II, Sect. 1 - “The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America...” “He shall hold his office during the term of four years” Requirements: - Natural born citizen

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3 Ch The Presidency Article II, Sect. 1 - “The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America...” “He shall hold his office during the term of four years” Requirements: - Natural born citizen - 35 years old - Lived in U.S. for at least 14 years - Must take oath - Art. II, Sect. 1, Par. 8

4 Art. II, Sect. 1, Par. 8 "I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

5 Obama Oath

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7 Ch The Presidency Article II, Sect. 1 - “The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America...” “He shall hold his office during the term of four years” Requirements: - Natural born citizen - 35 years old - Lived in U.S. for at least 14 years - Must take oath - Art. II, Sect. 1, Par. 8

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Presidential Ratings GreatNear Great Below Avg. WashingtonJefferson John Tyler LincolnAndrew Jackson Zachary Taylor Franklin D. Roosevelt James K. Polk Millard Fillmore High Avg. Low Avg. Calvin Coolidge John AdamsJames Madison Failure James MonroeJohn Quincy Adams Franklin Pierce Grover ClevelandMartin Van Buren James Buchanan William McKinleyR.B. Hayes Andrew Johnson Harry Truman Chester A. Arthur U. S. Grant Dwight Eisenhower Benjamin Harrison Warren G. Harding John Kennedy William H. Taft Herbert Hoover Lyndon Johnson Gerald Ford Richard Nixon Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George Bush Bill Clinton

10 The Electoral College - Group of 538 electors who vote to elect the President and Vice-President Why 538?

11 The Electoral College - Group of 538 electors who vote to elect the President and Vice-President (435 Reps, 100 Senators, 3 Wash. DC - 23rd Am ) Each state has electoral votes equal to the total number of members of Congress

12 “The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons… The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President… after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President.

13 270towin.com

14 The Electoral College - Group of 538 electors who vote to elect the President and Vice-President (435 Reps, 100 Senators, 3 Wash. DC - 23rd Am ) Each state has electoral votes equal to the total number of members of Congress Flaws in Electoral College - 1. Popular vote winner might not win election (elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000)

Presidential Election - Vice President Al Gore - Democratic - Texas Governor George W. Bush - Republican - Pat Buchanan - Reform Party - Ralph Nader - Green Party Popular Vote: Gore (Democrat) 50,996,582 Bush (Republican) 50,456,062 Nader (Green) 2,858,843 Buchanan (Reform) 438,760 Electoral College: Bush (Republican) 271 Gore (Democrat) 266 Nader (Green) 0 Buchanan (Reform) 0

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18 The Electoral College - Group of 538 electors who vote to elect the President and Vice-President (435 Reps, 100 Senators, 3 Wash. DC - 23rd Am ) Each state has electoral votes equal to the total number of members of Congress Flaws in Electoral College - 1. Popular vote winner might not win election (elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000) 2. Electors are not required to vote for winning candidate 3. Strong 3rd party candidate could cause no candidate to receive majority of electoral votes (see election of 1824)

Presidential Election Electoral Overview None of the candidates received a majority of the electoral votes The House elected John Quincy Adams – he had only 30% of the popular vote Electoral College Results: Andrew Jackson 99 John Quincy Adams 84 William Crawford 41 Henry Clay 37 Total: 261

20 The Electoral College - Group of 538 electors who vote to elect the President and Vice-President (435 Reps, 100 Senators, 3 Wash. DC - 23rd Am ) Each state has electoral votes equal to the total number of members of Congress Flaws in Electoral College - 1. Popular vote winner might not win election (elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000) 2. Electors are not required to vote for winning candidate 3. Strong 3rd party candidate could cause no candidate to receive majority of electoral votes (see election of 1824)

21 Presidential Election 1) 1st Tuesday after 1st Monday in November Voters cast votes for electors in their states to determine which candidate wins the state’s electoral votes 2) Monday following 2nd Wednesday in December Electors for winning candidate in each state report to state capitol to cast their votes for President and Vice President Votes are verified, sealed and sent to Washington DC 3) January 6th President of the Senate (V.P.) opens elector’s ballots from each of the 50 states and records votes for President and VP Candidate for President and VP who receives majority of 270 electoral votes is declared the winner 4) January 20th President and VP sworn in at noon by Chief Justice President gives inaugural address in front of U.S. Capitol

22 12th Amendment Election of 1800 revealed flaws due to the rise of political parties - President and V.P. could be from opposing parties

23 12th Amendment Election of 1800 revealed flaws due to the rise of political parties - President and V.P. could be from opposing parties - Separate ballot for President and Vice President 22nd Amendment Tradition dictated that Presidents serve no more than two terms - F.D.R. broke tradition ( ) “No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice”

24 25th Amendment Presidential Succession / Vice President “In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President” “... vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President... upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress”

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26 Ch The Presidency in Action Article II, Sect. 2 - To establish a strong Executive Branch the President is granted specific powers by the Constitution

Section. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

28 Ch The Presidency in Action Article II, Sect. 2 - To establish a strong Executive Branch the President is granted specific powers by the Constitution Appointing Power - “by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint...” Supreme Court Justices, officers of the United States

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30 Ch The Presidency in Action Article II, Sect. 2 - To establish a strong Executive Branch the President is granted specific powers by the Constitution Appointing Power - “by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint...” Supreme Court Justices, officers of the United States Make Treaties - Must be approve by 2/3 vote in Senate Executive Agreement - Between President and leader of another nation - does not require Senate approval

31 Grant Pardons - President can legally forgive a crime (Pres. Ford pardoned former Pres. Nixon for Watergate) Can also pardon an entire group of people (President Carter pardoned Vietnam draft dodgers)

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34 Grant Pardons - President can legally forgive a crime (Pres. Ford pardoned former Pres. Nixon for Watergate) Can also pardon an entire group of people (President Carter pardoned Vietnam draft dodgers) Military Power - “shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy...” Has authority over all military matters and troops in combat (only Congress can declare war)

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37 Grant Pardons - President can legally forgive a crime (Pres. Ford pardoned former Pres. Nixon for Watergate) Can also pardon an entire group of people (President Carter pardoned Vietnam draft dodgers) Military Power - “shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy...” Has authority over all military matters and troops in combat (only Congress can declare war) War Powers Act In response to nearly ten year “conflict” in Vietnam - Pres. Has 60 days, Congr. can extend or declare war

38 Article II, Sect. 3 - State of the Union - Annual address to Congress regarding the “State of the Union” - sets direction Congress should take “He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient” Article 2, Section 3

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41 Article II, Sect. 3 - State of the Union - Annual address to joint session of Congress regarding the “State of the Union” - sets direction Congress should take Impeachment - President, Vice President, all other officers of the United States may be impeached by H. of R. and convicted by Senate

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43 Clinton Testimony

44 Clinton Confession

45 Article II, Sect. 3 - State of the Union - Annual address to joint session of Congress regarding the “State of the Union” - sets direction Congress should take Impeachment - President, Vice President, all other officers of the United States may be impeached by H. of R. and convicted by Senate Duties of the Vice President - President of the Senate

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48 Thoughts on the Vice Presidency: “I am Vice President. In this I am nothing, but I may be everything” John Adams “A woman had two sons, one of them went off to sea, the other became Vice President, and neither of them was ever heard from again” Alben Barkley

49 Ch The Bureaucracy The Federal Bureaucracy - The agencies and people through which the federal government operates - helps the Executive Branch enforce federal law The Executive Office - Staffed by The president’s advisors and assistants - National Security Council, Council of Economic Advisors, Office of Management and Budget, etc. Executive Departments - 15 Cabinet offices of the President - Secretaries of each dept. appointed by the President

50 The President’s Cabinet

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55 Ch The Bureaucracy The Federal Bureaucracy - The agencies and people through which the federal government operates - helps the Executive Branch enforce federal law The Executive Office - Staffed by The president’s advisors and assistants - National Security Council, Council of Economic Advisors, Office of Management and Budget, etc. Executive Departments - 15 Cabinet offices of the President - Secretaries of each dept. appointed by the President

56 Independent Agencies - Function independently of the executive branch - CIA, FBI, NASA, EPA, FCC, SEC, FAA, Post Office Those who work for the Bureaucracy are Civil Service workers Civil Service Act (Garfield’s assassination) Created system of hiring and promotion based on merit rather than through patronage

57 The End