Review Chapter 14 Physical Examinations and Assessment Procedures

Review What are otoscopes used for? Ears What are ophthalmoscopes used for? Eyes Patients with discharge of the ear or eye may require irrigation, what is another name for irrigation? Lavage What should always be done with eye or ear drops before instilling? Warm them to room temperature The number one reason you will need to irrigate a patients ear? Cerumen impaction What is cerumen? This is a protective secretion of the ear(earwax)

Review This chart is to measure the distant visual acuity of a patient? Snellen Chart How far should a patient stand from this chart? 20 feet What is a normal visual acuity for children? 20/40 Explain how a patient would read this chart? To test the right eye, have the patient cover the left eye, keeping both eyes opened(vise-versa), have them wear their contacts or glasses

Review This is to determine near distant visual acuity? Jaeger System How far away should the patient hold this chart? 14 and 16 inches from the eyes This is determine color vision acuity(color blindness)? Ishihara method What is the term for complete color blindness? Achromatic(page 687) What is the term for the most common type of color blindness? Daltonism(page 687) All patients with this disorder should be checked for color blindness? Thyroid disorder

Review What is an audiometer? This is an instrument used to measure one’s hearing This instrument is used with a strike and then is held against the patient mastoid bone until the patient no longer hears the sound? Tuning fork This exam is called? Rinne test When the tuning fork is placed on the vertex of the head, this is called? Weber test

Review This position allows a visual inspection of posture and movements(neurological exams) Anatomical Position This position is used for examination and treatment of the anterior(front) portion of the body, including the breasts and abdominal organs? Horizontal Recumbent or Supine This position allows for relaxation of the abdominal muscles, legs are flexed? Dorsal Recumbent This position is used to examine the back and spine, the patient is lying on the abdomen? Prone Position

Review A position in which the patient lies on the side with the knee and thigh drawn upward toward the chest. The chest and abdomen are allowed to fall forward, used to exam the rectal area? The Sims’ Position What age would the physician start routine rectal exams for blood in the stool? 40 A position with the patient on their hands and knees, flexed arms folded under the head, used for sigmoidoscopy exams? Knee-Chest Position

Review This position is used for patient’s with respiratory or cardiovascular problems, or to examine the head, neck, and chest area, the table is raised to a 45-degree angle or 90-degree angle? Fowlers position This is a supine position, with the patient heels in the stirrups, used for vaginal exams? Lithotomy Position At what age do the ACS recommended to start testicular exams? 15

Review This is the initial part of the exam(skin color, rashes general appearance, level of anxiety, gait which is their walk) this is a large part of the sensory system? Inspection This is evaluation using the sense of touch, the body can be felt using one hand, two hands or fingers? Palpation

Review This is a means of producing sounds by tapping various parts of the body, the physicians listens to the sounds to determine the size, density, and location of organs? Percussion This is listening to sounds made by the patient’s body(heart, lung)? Auscultation This means measurements(tape measurements, height, weight, chest)? Mensuration

Review Why do we perform a cytologic screening test(pap test)? To detect cancer of the cervix How often should a pap test be preformed? Every two years(if prior tests were normal) What is LMP? Last menstrual period(first day) What is an EDD for an obstetrics patients? The estimated date of delivery An infant born before the 37 th week is considered? Premature What is requested at every prenatal visit a(some complications of pregnancy can be identified by this)? Urine sample

Review This test may be performed in the first trimester to confirm pregnancy and later to monitor progression? Ultrasonography This instrument is applied to the abdomen to determine the developing fetus’s heart rate? A fetoscope(doppler) This is used to measure the height or top of the uterus from the pubis to evaluate the growth of the baby? A flexible centimeter tape

Review This is a specialty of medicine that cares for children from birth to adulthood? Pediatrics These are essential to monitor in the course of the child’s examination, diagnosis, and treatment? Growth charts Measuring head circumference should be performed until what age? 36 months Where should the measuring tape be placed? About an inch above the ears, and around the forehead