Water in the Atmosphere Chapter 16 Section 4 Pages Chapter 16 Section 4 Pages

The Water Cycle A. Evaporation- is the process by which water molecules in a liquid escape into air as water vapor. –Requires energy –Cooling process

The Water Cycle B. Condensation- The process by which a gas, such as water vapor, changes to a liquid, such as water. –Must occur on a solid. –Releases heat energy.

The Water Cycle C. Precipitation- rain, snow, sleet fall from clouds to the surface.

The Water Cycle D. Ground water- water moves through the ground back to bodies of water.

The Water Cycle E. Run-off- water flows on the surface towards oceans, rivers, lakes and streams

Humidity Humidity- A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative Humidity- The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount that the air can hold at that temperature.

Relative Humidity Problems: If 10°C Holds a maximum of 8 grams of water vapor. What is the humidity if 8 grams of water vapor are in the air?

Relative Humidity Problems: If 10°C Holds a maximum of 8 grams of water vapor. What is the humidity if 8 grams of water vapor are in the air? If the air is holding 4 grams of water vapor, what is the relative humidity?.

R. Humidity Depends ON: The temperature. Warm air is less dense. –Has more room to hold water vapor. Cold air is more dense –Has less space to hold water vapor

Measuring Humidity Psychrometer- An instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet-bulb thermometer, and a dry-bulb thermometer. Evaporation is a ____________ process.

Relative Humidity If the relative humidity is high, will there be much of a temperature difference between the thermometers and why?

Dew Point Dew Point- The temperature at which condensation begins. If the temperature= dew point –Relative humidity = 100%

Cloud Formation 1. Air is warmed and rises –Infrared Radiation Heats Surface. –Evaporates water.

Cloud Formation 2. Warm, Moist air rises. Air Expands as it rises. Air Cools at the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (Dry ALR= 10°C for every 1km)

Cloud Formation 3. Condensation Occurs. Must occur on condensation nuclei –Dust –Salt –Smoke

Cloud Formation 4. Condensation Level –The level at which condensation occurs. –Relative humidity = 100% Temp and Dew Point are =

Cloud Formation 5. Cloud Forms: –Air now cools at the Wet ALR= 5-9°C –Cools slower because condensation releases some heat.

Cloud Identification Chapter 16 Section 4 Pages Chapter 16 Section 4 Pages Main Menu

Click on an Icon to navigate: NotesQuiz Main Menu Directions

1.Use the arrows to navigate through this PowerPoint 2.Click through the following slides on clouds and copy the notes onto your note sheet. 3.Be sure to sketch the shape of each cloud in your notes as well. 4.Take the Cloud Quiz. Main Menu Directions

Mean’s heap or mass. Fair weather clouds. Can grow to be very tall. Cumulus Main Menu

Alto- means that they form at a medium altitude. Look like cumulus clouds. Altocumulus Main Menu

Thunderstorm Clouds sometimes called thunderheads. Tallest clouds, they grow from cumulus clouds. Produce heavy rain. The suffix nimbus means rain. Cumulonimbus Main Menu

Mammatus Clouds Round, downward- extending protrusions. Bag like sacs. Usually occurs along with some cumulonimbus clouds. May indicate very severe weather. Main Menu

Strato- means “spread out” Flat layered clouds. Usually cover most of the sky. Stratus Main Menu

Prefix nimbus means rain. Flat layered clouds. Accompany warm fronts. Bring rain, snow, sleet or freezing rain. Nimbostratus Main Menu

Pre-fix alto means high. Look like stratus clouds high in the atmosphere. Altostratus Main Menu

Feathery “hooked” ends Made up of ice crystals First to arrive with a warm front. Cirrus Clouds Main Menu

Look like cumulus clouds. High in the atmosphere. Made of ice crystals. Cirrocumulus Main Menu

A cloud that occurs at or near the ground. Forms when the ground cools after a warm humid day. The air above the ground cools to the dew point. The sun “burns” off the fog. (evaporates) Fog Main Menu

Explain how clouds are classified? Use the Sky Watcher Chart to help you. Question Main Menu Quiz

Directions: –Read each question. –Click on the letter of your choice. –If you get a question wrong, the button will turn red. Try again. –If you get the question right, move on to the next question by clicking the arrow. –Click the arrow to the right to begin. Quiz Main Menu

Quiz 1. These clouds cover the sky and bring rain, snow or sleet. C C D D B B A A Cirrus Cumulus Nimbostratus Stratus

Quiz 2. What type of cloud is feathery or wispy? C C D D B B A A Cirrus Stratus Cumulus Nimbus

Quiz 3. What type of cloud means “heap” or “pile”? C C D D B B A A Stratus Cirrus Cumulus Mammatus

Quiz 4. Identify this cloud that occurs on the ground. C C D D B B A A Cirrus Cumulus Stratus Fog

Quiz 5. Identify this Cloud: C C D D B B A A Cirrus Mammatus Cumulus Cumulonimbus

Congratulations on being able to correctly identify the types of clouds! You are on your way to becoming a meteorologist. Keep up the great work! Read pages Great Job! Main Menu