Which of the following rows identifies the source of cortisol, the hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol, and an effect of cortisol? Row Source Hormone Effect A. Adrenal gland ACTHIncreased conversion of amino acids to glucose B. Pituitary gland ACTH Increased protein synthesis C. Adrenal gland ADH Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose D.Pituitary gland ADH Increased water reabsorption

 Match each of the hormones involved in the stress response with the hormones represented in the flowchart above.  Hormone Number: ________ ________ ________ ________ Flowchart Letter: A B C D

The short-term response to stress occurs faster than the long term response to stress because the A. blood from the adrenal medulla travels faster than does the blood from the adrenal cortex B. adrenal medulla responds to nervous stimulation, which is faster than hormonal stimulation C. adrenal medulla is controlled by the hypothalamus whereas the adrenal cortex is controlled by the pituitary D. hormones from the adrenal medulla acts on cells more quickly than the hormones from the adrenal cortex

Hormones and Metabolism Chapter 15.3

 There are three glands that help to regulate metabolism. 1.Thyroid 2.Parathyroid 3.Anterior Pituitary

Thyroid  The thyroid is a gland located below the larynx on your throat.

 The thyroid produces thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3).  Both of these hormones work to increase metabolism and to regulate growth.  They also both contain iodine atoms, which is why table salt is now iodized.  The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which decreases the amount of calcium the body absorbs.

 The thyroid gland works on a negative feedback system.  Low levels of thyroxine will be detected by the hypothalamus, which will release TRH (thyroid releasing hormone).  TRH then triggers the pituitary to produce TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).

 TSH then causes the thyroid to release its hormones.  The presence of TSH and thyroxine in the bloodstream will then cause the hypothalamus to stop producing TRH.  This results in the stopping of thyroid production until the hormones get low again.

 A problem can occur in the body if there isn’t enough iodine.  Without iodine, thyroxine cannot be produced, and the pituitary will continue producing TSH.  The thyroid will continue being stimulated, which will eventually lead to it swelling.  A swollen thyroid is known as a goiter.

Parathyroid  The parathyroid are smaller glands found inside the thyroid.

 The parathyroid releases PTH (parathyroid hormone).  It acts to increase calcium in the bloodstream and to activate vitamin D.  It acts in conjunction with calcitonin to maintain an acceptable level of calcium.

 Large amounts of PTH can result in bone degradation as calcium will be taken from the bones.  Small amounts of PTH will lead to rickets, as no vitamin D is being processed. It also leads to tetanus as calcium is needed to regulate nerve impulses

Pituitary  The pituitary also produces hGH, which helps to regulate the metabolism.  When you have more hGH in your bloodstream, bone and muscles cell growth is stimulated.  To fuel this growth, metabolism increases as a result.  Further, hGH increases protein synthesis to replace proteins used in cellular processes.

 hGH also causes muscles in the body to start using fats as an energy source.  This increases the blood glucose levels, which is important for the brain as it can only use sugar as an energy source.

Homework  Pg 486 1, 2  Pg