1 Imperialism

2 Let’s F O C U S What is Imperialism?

3 Imperialism Definition The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation. The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation.  Define it in your own words

4  Much of the motivation for the new imperialism came from the Industrial Revolution. Why? Industrial Revolution: Motivation for Imperialism

5 Industrial Revolution Motivation for Imperialism  Industrial nations desired colonies to provide a cheap and steady supply of raw materials, markets reserved for the mother country's manufactured goods, and large profits with minimum risk on investment of surplus capital.

6 Now that European countries were competing industrially, colonies could also be used to control strategic passages such as the Strait of Gibraltar and the Suez Canal. Industrial Revolution Motivation for Imperialism

7 In addition, the colonies could be used as overseas bases to keep ships and troops supplied and ready all over the globe. Industrial Revolution Motivation for Imperialism

8 Motives for imperialism

9 Motivations for Imperialism  1.) Economic - motives included the desire to make money, to expand and control foreign trade, to create new markets for products, to acquire raw materials and cheap labor, to compete for investments and resources, and to export industrial technology and transportation methods.

10  2.) Political- motives were based on a nation's desire to gain power, to compete with other European countries, to expand territory, to exercise military force, to gain prestige by winning colonies, and to boost national pride and security. Motivations for Imperialism

11  3.) Religious- motives included the desire to spread Christianity, to protect European missionaries in other lands, to spread European values and moral beliefs, to educate peoples of other cultures, and to end slave trade in Africa. Motivations for Imperialism

12  4.) Exploratory- motives were based on the desire to explore "unknown" or uncharted territory, to conduct scientific research, to conduct medical searches for the causes and treatment of diseases, to go on an adventure, and to investigate "unknown" lands and cultures. Motivations for Imperialism

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14  5.) Ideological- motives were based on cultural values such as the belief that the white race was superior, other cultures were "primitive," Europeans should "civilize" peoples in other parts of the world, great nations should have empires, and only the strongest nations will survive. Motivations for Imperialism

15 AFRICAN POLITICAL ENTITIES BEFORE THE SCRAMBLE

16 Africa by 1914  When the age of Imperialism began in 1875, Europeans controlled less than 10 percent of Africa.  When the age of Imperialism began in 1875, Europeans controlled less than 10 percent of Africa.  By 1900, 90 percent of Africa was divided into colonies. Ethiopia Liberia What were the only free states left in Africa after 1914?

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18 Motives for imperialism EconomicpoliticalReligiousExploratoryIdeological

19  The advocates of imperialism used nationalist arguments to gain public support for empire building. They claimed that the mother country would gain glory and achieve "a place in the sun" by building a great empire.

20 There were less selfish motives, though even these seem narrow- minded by today's standards. Many Europeans went overseas to offer the "blessings" of Western Civilization to the "pitiful heathens." There were many dedicated missionaries spreading Christianity and other humanitarians promoting public health and education. Bringing these blessings of Western Culture to the "backward" peoples of Africa and Asia was a duty labeled by the British writer Rudyard Kipling as "The White Man's Burden." There were less selfish motives, though even these seem narrow- minded by today's standards. Many Europeans went overseas to offer the "blessings" of Western Civilization to the "pitiful heathens." There were many dedicated missionaries spreading Christianity and other humanitarians promoting public health and education. Bringing these blessings of Western Culture to the "backward" peoples of Africa and Asia was a duty labeled by the British writer Rudyard Kipling as "The White Man's Burden."

Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Words used to describe Europeans Words used to describe natives Words describing the WM’s Burden Words describing the natives’ response

Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Take up the White Man's burden-- No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper-- The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go mark them with your living, And mark them with your dead. Words used to describe Europeans Words used to describe natives Words describing the WM’s Burden Words describing the natives’ response

Take up the White Man's burden-- And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard-- The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-- "Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?" Take up the White Man's burden-- Ye dare not stoop to less-- Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloak your weariness; By all ye cry or whisper, By all ye leave or do, The silent, sullen peoples Shall weigh your gods and you. Words used to describe Europeans Words used to describe natives Words describing the WM’s Burden Words describing the natives’ response

Take up the White Man's burden-- Have done with childish days-- The lightly proffered laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers! Rudyard Kipling Words used to describe Europeans Words used to describe natives Words describing the WM’s Burden Words describing the natives’ response

25 Imperialism in Asia  In Asia, Britain led the way by its example in India. Over the years, Britain also took Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, North Borneo, Burma, and Hong Kong. By 1914 France had Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos), the Dutch controlled the East Indies (Indonesia), the United States had the Philippines, and Germany had special rights in China. Only three Asian countries remained independent -- China, Japan, and Siam (Thailand).

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27 Imperialism in the Pacific  In the Pacific, several European countries took colonies. Great Britain took Australia and New Zealand. France colonized Tahiti, and Germany claimed the Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands.  During the late 1800s, the United States took an expanded role in world affairs partially because of the acquisition of territory in the Pacific

28 Europeans in Africa and the Middle East

29 The Congo…a case study  King Leopold II (Belgium) appointed himself King Sovereign of Congo Free State in 1885  Belgian Congo was 76 times bigger than Belgium itself

 Locals were forced to collect the sap required to produce rubber or, it is alleged, have their hands or feet, or those of their children, cut off  Between 1880 and 1920 the population of Congo decreased by half.  Historians estimate that 8-10 million persons perished from the violence, forced labor, and starvation caused by Leopold's lust for power and profits.

31  King Leopold's Congo Free State was an economic, environmental, cultural, and human disaster for the Congo people. When he died in 1909 at age 74, much of the world despised him. American poet Vachel Lindsay wrote this epitaph: Listen to the yell of Leopold's ghost Burning in Hell for his hand- maimed host, Hear how the demons chuckle and yell Cutting his hands off, down in Hell. Listen to the yell of Leopold's ghost Burning in Hell for his hand- maimed host, Hear how the demons chuckle and yell Cutting his hands off, down in Hell.

32 Imperialism continued throughout much of Africa until the 1960s. Once resources were depleted, imperialist nations left and turned the land back over to the natives. Imperialism continued throughout much of Africa until the 1960s. Once resources were depleted, imperialist nations left and turned the land back over to the natives. The problem: there are little or no natural resources left, the land is depleted, many of the people are uneducated; the land and it’s people have been left devastated. The problem: there are little or no natural resources left, the land is depleted, many of the people are uneducated; the land and it’s people have been left devastated.

33 The Middle East  At one time much of the Middle East had been controlled by imperialist countries, such as Great Britain and France.  Yet they are not in the same condition that Africa is. Why do you think that is? What makes their situation different than Africa’s?

34 In India….  When Great Britain took over India, part of the strategy was: divide and conquer, meaning… “cause problems between the Muslim and Hindus so that they will not work together to overthrow us…”  To this day, Muslims and Hindus in India still cannot live peacefully together.

35 How much of the problems in today’s world, can be traced back to Imperialism?  Any solutions? Any solutions? Any solutions?  What can be done? What can be done? What can be done?  Why isn’t more being done? Why isn’t more being done? Why isn’t more being done?