Patents by regions OECD REGPAT Database Hélène DERNIS The Output of R&D activities: Harnessing the Power of Patents Data JRC-IPTS Seville -14/15 May 2009

Outline ►OECD work on patents & databases ►Regionalisation of patents ►Patent statistics at regional level ►Diffusion of data

Regional dimension of innovation ►Innovative activities not evenly distributed within countries ►Goals - describe & understand the regional patterns of innovation, such as:  Characteristics of innovative regions compared to others;  Effects of innovation on local/regional economic performance;  Local/regional development benefiting from specialisation or diversity;  Linkages with neighbouring regions …

Databases Datasets Regionalisation Names harmonisation Indicators Methodologies Counting criteria Technology fields Triadic patent families Citations Analysis Indicators in OECD publications (Compendium of Patent statistics, STI Scoreboard, STI Outlook…) Ad hoc analysis using micro-level data OECD work on patents

OECD regional database ►OECD regional database provides regional statistics on four major topics for more than regions (OECD countries)  Demographics  Regional accounts  Labour market  Social issues ►Territorial units :  Territorial Level 2 (335 macro-regions) – TL2  Territorial Level 3 (1 679 micro-regions) – TL3  Consistent with Eurostat’s classification Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics - NUTS 2 & NUTS 3 (minor differences in territorial level for a few countries)

EPO /Euro-PCT patent register (epoline) USPTO granted patents JPO IIP database PATSTAT EPO worldwide statistical patent database & TRIADIC PATENT FAMILIES EPO, USPTO & JPO sharing priorities REGPAT Regionalisation of inventors/applicants addresses HAN Harmonisation of applicants names links with company level databases CITATIONS EPO citations OECD patent database

Regionalisation of patents ►Main sources  PATSTAT & epoline (EPO and PCT publications)  Poor coverage for certain patent offices (e.g. USPTO addresses rarely include postal code) ►Addresses of inventors and applicants (text string, no specific field for postal codes & town) ►Algorithm based on string comparisons using country level lookup tables (combinations of postal codes or town names and NUTS3/TL3 levels)  Unique region identified only with the postal code  Unique region identified only with the town’s name  Non-unique region allocated (breakdown in lookup tables when regionalisation based on short postal code)  Unique region identified with town name in case of breakdown  Manual allocations for specific cases

Regionalisation of patents (2) ►Regional coverage by country Micro-regionsMacro-regionsMicro-regionsMacro-regions ATAustria35NUTS39NUTS2ITItaly103NUTS321NUTS2 AUAustralia69TL39TL2JPJapan47TL310TL2 BEBelgium43NUTS311NUTS2KRKorea16TL37TL2 BGBulgaria28NUTS36NUTS2LILiechtenstein11 CACanada288TL312TL2LTLithuania10NUTS31NUTS2 CHSwitzerland26NUTS37NUTS2LULuxembourg11 CNChina32ProvinceLVLatvia6NUTS31NUTS2 CYCyprus11MTMalta2NUTS31NUTS2 CZCzech Republic14NUTS38NUTS2MXMexico209TL332TL2 DEGermany439NUTS341NUTS2NLNetherlands40NUTS312NUTS2 DKDenmark15NUTS31NUTS2NONorway19NUTS37NUTS2 EEEstonia5NUTS31NUTS2NZNew Zealand14TL32TL2 ESSpain52NUTS319NUTS2PLPoland45NUTS316NUTS2 FIFinland20NUTS35NUTS2PTPortugal30NUTS37NUTS2 FRFrance100NUTS326NUTS2RORomania42NUTS38NUTS2 GBUnited Kingdom133NUTS337NUTS2SESweden21NUTS38NUTS2 GRGreece51NUTS313NUTS2SISlovenia12NUTS31NUTS2 HRCroatia21NUTS33NUTS2SKSlovak Republic8NUTS34NUTS2 HUHungary20NUTS37NUTS2TRTurkey81NUTS326NUTS2 IEIreland8NUTS32NUTS2USUnited States3145Counties51TL2 INIndia35TL3TL2MKThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 8NUTS31NUTS2

Regionalisation of patents (3) ►Results – more than 96% successful allocation Total of which valid addresses Success rate (%) % of which using Zip codeTown nameBreakdownMixed Manual corrections PATSTAT (Applicants and Inventors' addresses) EPOLINE - Inventors' addresses EPOLINE - Applicants' addresses However, low allocation rate for some countries (Portugal, Poland, Turkey, etc.) ►Causes for misallocations:  Errors in postal codes  Address referring to a wrong country  Postal code or town name not listed in lookup tables  Address field invalid or empty ►Further improvement based on inputs sent by data users

Source: OECD, REGPAT database, 2008 Patent statistics by regions Number of patent applications filed under the PCT, North AmericaEurope

Patent statistics by regions (2) Indicators: ►in OECD publications ►on-line Science, Technology and Patents Patents by regions

►Raw data: OECD REGPAT database (January 2009) is available for download upon request ( based on the latest edition of PATSTAT, September 2008 ; and EPOLINE – November 2009 )  ►REGPAT Methodology Maraut S., H. Dernis, C. Webb, V. Spiezia and D.Guellec (2008) “The OECD REGPAT Database: A Presentation”, STI Working Paper 2008/2, OECD, Paris. OECD REGPAT - diffusion

►Guidelines for compiling and analysing patent data OECD Patent Statistics Manual (2009) ►Further information on OECD work on patents ►Thank you ! Further information