Collective Adaptive Process-Aware Information Sytems: Challenges, Scenarios, Techniques Manfred Reichert Manfred Reichert | BPCAS 2014 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 2 Adaptive Collective Systems Backgrounds Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles Adaptive Cross-Organizational Processes Agenda

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 3 “Heterogeneous collections of autonomous task-oriented systems that cooperate on common goals forming a collective system…” Purpose (cf. FoCAS): “The socio-technical fabric of our society more and more depends on systems that are constructed as a collective of heterogeneous components and that are tightly entangled with humans and social structures. Their components increasingly need to be able to evolve, collaborate and function as a part of an artificial society.“ Adaptive Collective Systems

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 4 Source: K. Swenson, 2014 Relevant issues … Nature A strong orientation to working the way that natural systems work. Automated or Facilitated? Some of the research oriented toward facilitating humans in an organization, and some is toward replacing humans with automated, yet flexible, systems. Non-Uniform ­ There may be many diverse components interacting in complex ways, i.e., it is not assumed that there is a single uniform process system ­ Diversity is the important ingredient for stability in the face of unexpected changes. Adaptive Collective Systems

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 5 Adaptive Collective Systems Backgrounds Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles Adaptive Cross-Organizational Processes Agenda

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 6   + x Activated Process Schema S  Completed Skipped Execution Trace: σ 1 = Execution Trace: σ 2 = Process Instance I1 Process Instance I2 Activity XOR-Split/Join AND-Split/Join Activity States: Patient Admission Anamnesis & Clinical Examination Non Operative Therapy Sonography MRT X-ray Initial Treatment & Operation Planning Non Operative Therapy 1 Operative Treatment Discharge & Documentation clinicalSuspicionOf CruciateRupture = „Yes“ cruciateRupture = „Yes“ and operationIndicated = „Yes“ x x x x x x x x ++ x x x x             Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS)

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 7 Users... Applicationen / Application Server Instance 4 Instance 3 Instance 2 Instance 1 Instance 6 Instance 5 Instance 11 Instance 10 Instance 9 Instance 8 Instance 7 Instance 14 Instance 13 Instance 12 Process-aware Information System (PAIS) Process Execution Engine Msg Queuing Time MgmtAuthorization Late ModelingWeb Clnt API Validatíon Dyn. Change APIModeling API Admin. API ExceptionsAudit Trail... Process Engineer Process Composer Create Process Schema Modify Process Schema Check Process Schema … Create Process Schema Modify Process Schema Check Process Schema … Process Repository Process Schemas Application Component s Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS)

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 8 ADEPT Individually adaptable Process Instances Process Execution Engine Process 11Process 10 Process 9 Process 8Process 7 Process 14 Process 13 Process 12 Process 6 Process 5 Process 4Process 3Process 2Process 1 Process 5 Adaptive PAIS: Instance Changes

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 9 Process Execution Engine Process 11Process 10 Process 9 Process 8Process 7 Process 14 Process 13 Process 12 Process 6 Process 5 Process 4Process 3Process 2Process 1 Achievements: - Formal and expressive process meta model - Formal Criteria for Change Correctness - Efficient, build-in consistency checks („no bad surprise") - Support of a high number of change patterns - API for accomplishing ad-hoc changes ADEPT Individually adaptable Process Instances Adaptive PAIS: Instance Changes

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 10 ADEPT : © M. Reichert, University of Ulm, 2012 Adaptive PAIS: Schema Evolution

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 11 Instance I 1 A D B x x EC   A D B x x EC   Schema S‘: A D B x x C Create Instances   Process Execution Process engineer / Process administrator Process Monitoring Change Log  Instance- specific Change Exception: Delete (I 1, E) Process participant Worklist Tätigkeit 1 Tätigkeit 2 Tätigkeit 3 Tätigkeit 4 Create Process Schema   Evolve Process Schema Change Propagation Schema S: A D B x x EC Instance I 1 A D B x x EC   Execution Log   Adaptive PAIS: Extended Process Lifecycle

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 12 Transferring ADEPT to Industrial Practice

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 13

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 14 Adaptive Collective Systems Backgrounds Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles Adaptive Cross-Organizational Processes Agenda

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 16 Product Process Product Process ?=?= Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 17 Process Modeling Execution Dynamic Adaptation Exception Handling Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles: Drivers

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 18 Data Structure Data Model Data-driven Process Structure Object Life Cycles / Life Cycle Coordination Model The Corepro Framework: Overview

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 19 g a g a Object Life Cycles / Life Cycle Coordination Model Data-driven Process Structure The Corepro Framework: Overview

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 20 g a g a Data-driven Process Structure The Corepro Framework: Overview

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 21 g a g a The Corepro Framework: Overview

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 22 Significant reduction of modeling efforts Formal semantics enables correct executability

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 23 Change Operation (Data Structure) 1) removeRelation(Telematik High V2.2, TV Tuner V1.83, nutztKomp); 2) removeObject(TV Tuner V1.83); Change Operation (Data Structure) 1) removeRelation(Telematik High V2.2, TV Tuner V1.83, nutztKomp); 2) removeObject(TV Tuner V1.83); Change Operation (Process Structure) 1) removeExtTrans(Telematik High V2.2. Muster Aufgebaut, Installieren, TV Tuner V1.83. E); 2) removeOLC(Tuner V1.83); Change Operation (Process Structure) 1) removeExtTrans(Telematik High V2.2. Muster Aufgebaut, Installieren, TV Tuner V1.83. E); 2) removeOLC(Tuner V1.83); The Corepro Framework: Data-Driven Adaptation

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 24 J UMP R ESET J UMP Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Forward Recovery The Corepro Framework: Exception Handling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 25 Graphical User Interface of COREPROSimAutomatic Creation and Execution of a Process StructureDynamic Adaptation and Exception Handling Simulating Large Process StructuresDefining the Model Level with Correctness Checks The Corepro Framework: Proof-of-Concept

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 26 Process Description of the ISO NormData Model in COREPRO-SimOLC of Object Type "System" Life Cycle Coordination Model Instance Level: Data Structure and Automatically Created Process Structure ISO 26262: Road Vehicles, Functional Safety The Corepro Framework: Case Study

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 27 Adaptive Collective Systems Backgrounds Adaptive Collective Object Lifecycles Adaptive Cross-Organizational Processes Agenda

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 28. Business Process Compliance Adaptation & Evolution Cross-Organizational Processes Process Logs Process-aware Information System Running Instances / Process Engine Process Models Adaptive Cross-Organizational Processes

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 29 Modeling Cross-Organizational Processes: Interaction Modeling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 30 Cross-Organizational Processes

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 31 Cross-Organizational Processes

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 32 Cross-Organizational Processes: Interconnection Modeling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 33 Cross-Organizational Processes: Interaction Modeling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 34 Qiu Zongyan, Zhao Xiangpeng, Cai Chao, and Yang Hongli: Towards the Theoretical Foundation of Choreography, WWW’07, Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 35 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor Xiang Fu, Tevfik Bultan, Jianwen Su: Conversation Protocols: A Formalism for Specification and Verification of Reactive Electronic Services. CIAA’04, Xiang Fu, Tevfik Bultan, Jianwen Su: Realizability of conversation protocols with message contents. Web Services Research 2(4), Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 36 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor Gero Decker, Mathias Weske: Local Enforceability in Interaction Petri Nets, BPM’07, Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 37 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor Johannes Maria Zaha, Alistair Barros, Marlon Dumas, Arthur ter Hofstede: Let’s dance: A language for service behavior modeling. CoopIS’07, Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 38 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor Gero Decker, Alistair Barros: Interaction Modeling using BPMN, BPM’07, Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 39 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor W3C: Web services choreography description language 1.0, Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 40 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor OMG/BPMI: BPMN 2.0, What about Data? Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 41 Languages, Notations, Standards Chor Conversation protocols Interaction Petri-Nets Let‘s Dance iBPMN WS-CDL BPMN 2.0 Choreography DAChor Interaction Modeling: Languages, Notations, Standards

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 42 Ensuring Compliance of Cross-Organizational Processes D. Knuplesch, M. Reichert, W. Fdhila, S. Rinderle-Ma, (2013) On Enabling Compliance of Cross-Organizational Business Processes. In: 11th Int'l Conference Business Process Management (BPM'13), Beijing, 2013 D. Knuplesch, M. Reichert, R. Pryss, W. Fdhila, S. Rinderle-Ma, Stefanie (2013) Ensuring Compliance of Distributed and Collaborative Workflows. In: 9th IEEE Int'l Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollborateCom'13), Austin, 2013, IEEE Computer Society Press D. Knuplesch, M. Reichert, T. Ly, A. Kumar, S. Rinderle-Ma (2013) Visual Modeling of Business Process Compliance Rules with the Support of Multiple Perspectives. In: 32nd Int'l Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2013), Hong Kong, 2013

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 43 Business Process Compliance Change / Flexibility Cross-Organizational Processes Interaction Modeling Cross-Organizational Process Compliance

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 44 interaction model local views – e.g. local view of engineering team public process models – e.g. public process model of engineering team public process models private process models Scenario: Electronic Change Request

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 45 interaction model local views public process models private process models Private Public sound? realizable? conform? compatible? sound? Relevant Layers

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 46 compute local views specify interaction model check realizability check realizability realizable? revise interaction model specify public process models specify private process models The Process of Interaction Modeling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 47 interaction model local views public process models private process models Private Public sound? realizable? conform? compatible? sound? compatible? sound? Relevant Layers and Compliance Rules

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 48 interaction model local views public process models private process models Private local compliance rules Public Local compliance Side effects must be determined before sending comments on the ECR to the change team. Affected development tasks must be suspended before implementing changes. Relevant Layers and Compliance Rules

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 49 interaction model local views public process models private process models Private local compliance rules globale compliance rules Public locale compliance globale compliance? The engineers must determine side effects before the decision team decides on the change. Relevant Layers and Compliance Rules

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 50 local compliance rules interaction model local views public process models private process models Private local compliance rules incl. assertions globale compliance rules Public locale compliance globale compliance? assertions asserted compliance Side effects must be determined before sending comments on the ECR to the change team. Relevant Layers and Compliance Rules

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 51 compute local views specify interaction model check realizability check realizability realizable? revise interaction model specify public process models specify private process models check global compliance compliant? specify public process models & assertions revise public process models & assertions ensure local&asserted compliance select/specify compliance rules The Process of Interaction Modeling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 52 interaction model local views public process models private process models Private local compliance rules incl. assertions globale compliance rules Public locale compliance globale compliance? compliability? assertions asserted compliance Comments on the ECR must not be requested before change details are sent to the engineers. Relevant Layers and Compliance Rules

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 53 compute local views specify interaction model check realizability check realizability realizable? revise interaction model specify public process models specify private process models check global compliance compliant? specify public process models & assertions revise public process models & assertions ensure local&asserted compliance select/specify compliance rules check realizability & compliability check realizability & compliability Release check realizability check realizability The Process of Interaction Modeling

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 54 interaction model local views public process models private process models Private local compliance rules incl. assertions global compliance rules Public locale compliance globale compliance? compliability? assertions asserted compliance Relevant Layers and Compliance Rules

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 55 Tasks + for each task its possible performers xx T2T2 T1T1 TmTm … xx interaction model IM ++ interaction model IM T1T1 T2T2 TmTm extended interaction model EIM ? How to Construct the Extended Interaction Model?

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 56 LTL-model checker negation of conjunction of compliance rules CR i ψ := Λ CR i i=1..n ┐ ? false true + compliant trace xx T2T2 T1T1 TmTm … xx interaction model IM ++ extended interaction model EIM How to Check Compliability?

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 57 How to Check Global Compliance? LTL model checker interaction model IM assertions A i compliance rule CR public process models PM i true false + counterexample D. Knuplesch, M. Reichert, R. Pryss, W. Fdhila, S. Rinderle-Ma, Stefanie (2013) Ensuring Compliance of Distributed and Collaborative Workflows. In: 9th IEEE Int'l Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollborateCom'13), Austin, 2013, IEEE Computer Society Press

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BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 59 Enabling Adaptations and Changes of Cross-Organizational Processes W. Fdhila, S. Rinderle-Ma, M. Reichert (2012) Change Propagation in Collaborative Processes Scenarios. In: 8th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom'12), Pittsburgh, 2012

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 60 Global Choreography Model (Interaction Model) Public View of Partner B Model Abstraction Basics

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 61 Basics

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 62 Public View of Partner B Private View of Partner B Private activities, e.g., data transformation A-->B C-->B XOR B-->C XOR E-->B Receive A Receive C XOR Send C XOR Receive E a1 a2 a3 a4 PublicViewPrivate View AND D Conformant with? Basics

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 63 Global SchemaGlobal Choreography Model Basics

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 64 - Ok! and what is the problem then?  Conformance (Consistency)  Behavioral Compatibility Waiting for a message which will never arrive Sending message which will not be consumed  Structural compatibility  Transitivity effects  Negotiation Basics

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 65 Choreography Model + Public views + Change Specification Partners affected by the change + Changes to be propagated -Preserve Conformance -Preserve Compatibility -Transitive effects -Negotiation Change Propagation

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 66 Change Propagation: Negotiation

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 67 inserts a new fragment in a process model. INSERT(fragment, how, in, out) Deletes an existing fragment from a process model. DELETE(fragment) Replaces an existing fragment by a new one in the process model. REPLACE(oldFragment, newFragment) Updates the attributes of a single activity of a process model. Attribute could be: partner, role, input, output, etc. UPDATE(activity, attribute, newValue) Change Propagation: Change Patterns

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 68 Public View of Partner B Private View of Partner B A-->B C-->B XOR B-->C XOR E-->B Receive A Receive C XOR Send C XOR Receive E a1 a2 a3 a4 PublicViewPrivate View AND D Conforming with? Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 69 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 70 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 71 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 72 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 73 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 74 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 75 Receive A Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 76 B Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 77 Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 78 Public View of E Public View of C Global Choreography Model Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 79 Public View of E Public View of C Global Choreography Model Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 80 Public View of E Public View of C Global Choreography Model Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 81 Public View of E Public View of C Global Choreography Model Change Propagation: Replace Pattern

BPCAS’14 Keynote | 8 September 2014 | Eindhoven Page 82