Central Nervous System PART 2

Anticonvulsants

Uses  Epilepsy:  Seizures accompanied by loss or disturbance of consciousness and possibly abnormal body movements (convulsions)  Needs to be individualized by dose and addition of other anticonvulsant agents  Prevent the occurrence of seizures; they do not cure the disease

Side effects  Drowsiness  Slurred speech  Addiction  Tolerance and dependence  Respiratory and cardiac depression (with high doses)

Examples  Phenobarbital, Legend Drug, Schedule IV  Phenytoin (Dilantin)  Carbamazepine (Tegretol)  Valproic acid and its derivatives (Depakene, Depakote)  Gabapentin (Neurontin)  Lamotrigine (Lamictal)  Clorazepate (Tranxene), Schedule IV  Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)  Felbamate (Felbatol)  Lamotrigine (Lamictal)  Levetiracetam (Keppra)  Topiramate (Topamax)  Zonisamide (Zonegran)  Primidone (Mysoline)  Pregabalin (Lyrica), Schedule V

ANTIPHYCHOTICS

Uses  Relieve the signs and symptoms of psychosis (e.g. Schizophrenia)  Have a much better effect on the positive symptoms of psychosis:  Auditory and visual hallucinations, agitation, suspiciousness, feeling of persecution, ideas of reference, and intrusion of unwanted thoughts  Noncompliance is the leading cause of recurrent positive psychotic symptoms in those patients who initially responded  Negative symptoms include emotional apathy, extreme inattentiveness, and social withdrawal  Some analgesic, antiemetic, anti-nausea, and antihistaminic effects

Side effects  Sedation  Extrapyramidal symptoms (abnormal body movements)  Anticholinergic symptoms  Orthostatic hypotension  is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down  Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Examples- typical (1 st generation)  Haloperidol (Haldol)  Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)  Prochlorperazine (Compazine)  Fluphenazine (Prolixin - Permitil)  Thiothixene (Navane)

Examples- atypical (2 nd generation)  Clozapine (Clozaril)  White blood cells  Risperidone (Risperdal )  Olanzapine (Zyprexa)  Aripiprazole (Abilify)  Quetiapine (Seqroquel)  Asenapine (Saphris)  Iloperidone (Fanapt)  Paliperidone (Invega)  Ziprasidone (Geodon)