Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Outline - Motivations - Description - Experiments The Neutrons for Science facility at GANIL/SPIRAL-2

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Fundamental physics Fission reactors of new generation Fusion technology Studies related to hybrid reactors (ADS) Nuclear medicine Development and characterization of new detectors Radioisotopes production for medical applications Biology Study of the single-event upsets Basic data needed for evaluated data bases The neutrons for science facility ● NFS is one of the two facilities of the LINAG Experimental Area ● Neutron beam between 100 keV and 40 MeV ● Irradiation station for n, p, d and ions induced reactions

LIA, Italy-Poland-France, April fission cross sections of 234 U, 237 Np, 238, Pu, 241,242m,243 Am, Cm - fission nu-bar of 238,240 Pu, 241 Am and 244 Cm - capture of 235,238 U, 237 Np, Pu, 241,242m,243 Am, 244 Cm - inelastic scattering of 238 U, 239,240,242 Pu, 241,243 Am, C, O, Na, 56 Fe, Pb, Bi, 90 Zr - neutron removal of 10 B, C, O, Na, Si, Fe, Ni, Pb - elastic scattering of 238 U, C, 15 N, O, 52 Cr, 56 Fe, Pb GENIV reactors and ADS need nuclear data development (evaluated data and measurements): Needs for the new generation of reactors A High Priority Request List ( Short list) : Cross sections (fission, capture, scattering) Fission neutron spectra, Nu-bar Gamma source term, Spent fuel inventories, Decay heat, and dose rates Fast neutron Transmutation and target design in ADS High burn-up systems. Structural materials and coolants And - Prompt neutrons and gamma fission spectra - Delayed neutrons and gamma yield

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 I < 50 µA P < 2 kW Use of radioactive samples A< 1 GBq for thin layers A< 10 GBq for thick samples ● Beam line extension ● Converter ● Magnet and beam dump ● Irradiaton station (n, p, d) ● Beam at 0° ● Collimator ↔ beam quality ● Size (L ⅹ l) ≃ (28m ⅹ 6m) - TOF measurements - free flight path The NFS facility

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 SPIRAL2 phase 1 building NFS -9,5 m

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Neutron spectra p or d + thick converter (1cm) E max = 40 MeV, = 14 MeV E MeVFlux at 5 m n/cm 2 /s n/cm 2 /MeV/s n/cm 2 /MeV/s n/cm 2 /MeV/s p + 7 Li thin lithium target E n = up to 31 MeV E MeVFlux at 5 m 51, n/cm 2 /MeV/s n/cm 2 /MeV/s 202, n/cm 2 /MeV/s 301, n/cm 2 /MeV/s 40 MeV d + Be at 50 µA p + Li at 20 µA Li thickness  Δep=1MeV

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Comparison with other Neutron TOF facilities E n : from 0,1 MeV to 40 MeV Good energy resolution Reduced  flash Low instantaneous flux NFS : 40 MeV d + Be WNR : Los Alamos n-TOF 2 : CERN n-TOF 1 : CERN GELINA : Geel Complementary to the existing facilities

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April Sample irradiation in the converter room Cross-section measurements by activation method Study of radioisotope production Measurement by activation method ion induced reactions 2- Transfer of sample to TOF room 3- Activity measurement Neutron irradiation or Irradiation box

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 ● Neutron induced reactions studies : LoI_13 : Study of pre-equilibrium process in (n,xn) reaction, X. Ledoux LoI_14 : Comparison between activation and prompt spectroscopy as means of (n,xn) cross section measurements, M. Kerveno LoI_20 : Direct measurement of (n,xn) reaction cross sections on 239 Pu, G. Bélier LoI_21 : Light-ion production studies with Medley, S. Pomp SCALP - Scintillating ionization Chamber for ALpha particle Production in neutron induced reaction, G. Lehaut ● Fission : LoI_15 : Fission fragment distributions and neutron multiplicities, D. Doré LoI_22 : Fission fragment angular distribution and fission cross section measurements relative to elastic np scattering with Medley, S. Pomp LoI_28 : Study of the fission process and fission cross-section measurements, G. Bélier Measurements of prompt fission neutron energy spectra for fast neutron induced fission on major and minor actinides, A. Sardet Measurement of prompt fission gamma-ray spectra in fast neutron induced-fission of actinides, J.M. Laborie Gamma-rays spectroscopy and lifetime measurements at NFS, A. Dijon ● Cross-section reaction measurements by activation technique : LoI_16 : Proton and deuteron induced activation reactions, P. Bem LoI_24 : Neutron-induced activations reactions, A. Klix Measurement of cross-sections of deuteron-induced reactions on Ni and Zn, J. Grinyer ● Biology : LoI_23 : Response of Mammalian cells to neutron exposure, C. Hellweg R&D for the production of radioisotopes for medical applications at NFS, G. De France Investigation of 211At and 64Cu medical radioisotope production at NFS, J. Grinyer ● Detector development : LoI_29 : Neutron spectrometer characterization for LMJ project, B. Rossé Characterization of neutron signal in Si-CsI telescope and measurement of the absolute neutron detection efficiency, E. Bonnet LoI and proposals for Day-One experiments at NFS

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 The (n,xnγ) cross-section measurements are used to extract (n,xn) cross section-> need of theoretical model At NFS the 90 Zr(n,3n) cross-section can be measured by prompt y spectroscopy and by activation technique at the same time →validation of the theoretical models Quasi-mono-energetic neutrons from 26 to 32 MeV The other (n,xn) cross-sections will be measured in following experiments (n,xnγ) cross section measurement at NFS (LoI-14) Gains GRAPhEME

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Light-ion production studies with Medley (LoI-21) H, He, LCP production : high ionization power, gas production, radioactive residual material Applications – nuclear data needs!  Cancer therapy and dosimetry  Radiation effects in microelectronics (SEU; single event upsets)  Energy applications (GenIV, fusion) o Construction material: Fe, Cr, … o Fuel: U, Th, … o Coolant: Pb, Bi, Na, … Medley Evacuated chamber  E-  E-E technique + angles  double differential cross section. Can be used to measure neutron spectra.

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Cross section measurement of 16 O(n,α) 13 C Scintillating ionization Chamber for Alpha particle Production in neutron induced reactions. Goals : XS measurement in 7MeV-20MeV range with an uncertainty better than 5% 16 O(n,α) reaction affect reactor reactivity, 25% of the helium production Active target Scintillating Ionization chamber Continuous energy Target composition : Oxygen → CO 2 Scintillation → CF 4 Normalization → 3 He A lot of Channels to distinguish

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Prompt fission neutron energy spectra (PFNS)  Important in many applications : o Understanding of the fission process o Accuracy of nuclear criticality calculation (conventional and advance reactors, non-proliferation applications) o Theoretical description of PFNS difficult  Few experimental data  Discrepancies between measurements and evaluations Experimental technique: - Fission chamber - NE213 neutrons detectors - Double TOF technique

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Actinides to study: 235,238 U, 239 Pu, 237 Np, 232 Th, 233 U Perform experiments in the fast domain to characterize actinide fission fragments  Detection of fragments in coincidence o Charge o Kinetic energy o Post-masses (after n evap) → EV method good energy resolution 1 % o Pre-masses (before n evap) → 2V method TOF measurement time resolution < 150ps Many models exist but not predictive enough  Neutron Saw tooth Curve  Important piece of information about scission o Excitation energy sharing o Shell effects o Energy balance FALSTAFF (LoI 15)

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Cross-sections measurement by activation technique  Measurement of reaction cross-sections by activation technique : o improvement of reaction model - validation and improvement of nuclear models o experimental data for validation of evaluated nuclear data libraries (data above 20 MeV usually scarce) o activation, transmutation, and gas production of Test Cell materials of IFMIF (samples, TC structures etc.)  NFS opens a possibility to extend the activation experiments : o high intensities o high deuteron energies o isotopes with short half lives can be studied.

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Measurement of the absolute neutron detection efficiency of FAZIA telescopes. θpθp α EpEp EnEn n beam  Energy range: MeV  p+Li quasi-mono-energetic neutron beam E 0  Technique: associated particle o neutron diffusion on CH2 foils o trigger : detection of proton E p at angle θ p o 1 neutron emitted at angle α Neutron beam spectrumScattered neutrons spectra

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Status and planning  Infrastructure: o Building, lift, nuclear shaft, heavy doors, … ready o Cables installation : T2-T3 / 2016 o Cooling and gas pipes installation : T2 / 2016  NFS process: o Almost all of the components of the process have been delivered o Irradiation station and pneumatic transfer system under test at Rez o End of the mounting : T4 / 2016 (when infrastructure finished)  In beam commissioning : from T1 / > as soon as the LINAG beam is available

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 First experiments  Calls for submission for the PAC : 9 th and 10 th of June o 10 experiments submitted o Proton and alpha beam (p, γ ) cross-section measurement of astrophysical interest Cross-section measurement fusion technology Alternative production routes of radioisotopes for medical applications o Quasi-mono-energetic- neutron beam LCP production n,xn reaction Fission study  Strategy for day 1 experiments : From beam capability aspects o Proton : in “parallel” with the LINAC commissioning Activation experiments (beam power 1-100W) Neutron experiments: p + Li, Be convertor (beam power >100W) o 4 He : Radio-isotope experiments (Bi target) E=30 MeV, High Intensity, Good energy resolution o Deuteron

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Collaboration and partners Scientific collaboration : 60 physicists GANIL, Caen, France CEA/DIF, Arpajon, France CEA/DSM/IRFU/SPhN, Saclay, France CENBG, Gradignan, France LPC, Caen, France IPHC, Strasbourg, France NPI, Řež, Czech Republic Uppsala University, Sweden FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany IPNO, Orsay, France NIPNE, Bucharest, Romania JRC/IRMM, Geel, Belgium CEA/DEN, Cadarache, France CIMAP, Caen, France UKAEA, United Kingdom GANIL, Caen CEA/DAM/DIF, Arpajon CEA/DSM/Irfu, Saclay, IN 2 P 3, France CEA/DEN, Cadarache, NPI, Řež, Czech Uppsala University, KIT, Karlsruhe Partners:

Joint LIA COLL-AGAIN, COPIGAL and POLITA workshop Catania, April 2016 Summary First experiment in 2017  Characteristics: o White and quasi-mono-energetic spectra in the 1-40 MeV range o Neutron beams with high flux and good energy resolution o Measurements by activation reactions (n, p, d)  Physics case: o Fission studies : σ, fragments, yields, neutron and gamma multiplicities o (n,xn) and (n,lcp) reactions: σ and d 2 σ/dEdΩ o Deuteron and proton induced reactions o Detector development, Biology  NFS status: o End of the NFS installation by T4 / 2016 o Start of the commissioning in T1 / 2017 o 10 experiments submitted for the next PAC