3/29 Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. How did I do today? 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain most parts. 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain most parts. 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but I still need some help. 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but I still need some help. 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and I am very confused. 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and I am very confused.

3/29 Goal: To identify and differentiate between plant and animal cells. How did I do today? 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain most parts. 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain most parts. 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells but I still need some help. 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells but I still need some help. 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and I am very confused. 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and I am very confused.

CELLS

What microscopic differences exist between living & non-living objects? Living organisms are composed of small units called cells. This distinguishes them from nonliving things.

What sort of evidence would be needed to support the generalization that all organisms, including humans, are composed of cells? The tissues of a large number & variety of organisms would need to be observed under the microscope & found to be composed of cells.

CELLS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

CELL DISCOVERY ROBERT HOOKE (1665) ROBERT HOOKE (1665) -NAMED CELLS FROM LOOKING AT ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS (CORK). ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS (CORK). ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1673) ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1673) -1 ST PERSON TO OBSERVE LIVING CELLS -MADE MICROSCOPES

150 YRS LATER CAME THE CELL THEORY The concept was formally expressed in 1839 by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow and has remained the foundation of modern biology. Below are the 3 parts to this theory. The concept was formally expressed in 1839 by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow and has remained the foundation of modern biology. Below are the 3 parts to this theory. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION IN AN ORGANISM CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION IN AN ORGANISM CELLS COME ONLY FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF EXISTING CELLS. CELLS COME ONLY FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF EXISTING CELLS.

ALL LIVING ORGANISMS SHARE THESE CHARACTERISTICS MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS USE ENERGY (i.e. METABOLISM) USE ENERGY (i.e. METABOLISM) MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS GROW GROW REPRODUCE REPRODUCE HEREDITY HEREDITY

CELL FUNCTION  ACTIVITIES OF ALL ORGANISMS ARE DUE TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THEIR CELLS.  MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF CELLS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -metabolism-movement -secretion-absorption -growth-reproduction

NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE, WHY? Age of cells, ability to obtain nutrients, function, certain environmental influences could increase or decrease cell size, amount of stored materials, ability to get rid of wastes…

Come up with as many differences between these 2 cells as you can think of. Which one do you think came around 1 st ? Why?

PROKARYOTIC CELLS AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?? Prokaryotic cells: Prokaryotic cells: Are smaller Are smaller Have no membrane around organelles (such as the nucleus) Have no membrane around organelles (such as the nucleus) Have fewer organelles Have fewer organelles Lacks a nucleolus Lacks a nucleolus Usually has one circular chromosome containing dna. Usually has one circular chromosome containing dna. Reproduce by the process of binary fission Reproduce by the process of binary fission Example: bacteria Example: bacteria

EUKARYOTIC CELLS ARE BIGGER HAVE MEMBRANES AROUND THEIR ORGANELLES CONTAINS A NUCLEOLUS HAVE MORE CHROMOSOMES HAVE MORE ORGANELLES REPRODUCE BY THE PROCESS OF MITOSIS & MEIOSIS EXAMPLES: ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS; FUNGI AND PROTISTS

EUKARYOTE CELL PROKARYOTE CELL

Did your observations reveal any consistent differences between plant & animal cells? If so, what are they? Plant cells appear to have a “fatter” border (cell wall). There are round green objects in the plant cell also (chloroplasts). Plant cells generally have larger open spaces that aren’t apparent in the animal cells.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS: –HAVE CHLOROPLASTS –HAVE A CELL WALL –LARGE VACUOLE –NO CENTRIOLES –NO LYSOSOMES (in most plants) ANIMAL CELLS: –NO CHLOROPLAST –NO CELL WALL –SMALL VACUOLES –HAVE CENTRIOLES –HAVE LYSOSOMES

QUESTION #1 What type of cells do humans have?

AND THE ANSWER IS… EUKARYOTIC

QUESTION #2 IF YOU WERE LOOKING AT A CELL & OBSERVED THAT THE CELL HAD CHLOROPLAST, WHAT COULD YOU TELL ME ABOUT IT?

AND THE ANSWER IS… THIS CELL IS A PLANT CELL, THEREFORE IT IS ALSO A EUKARYOTIC TYPE OF CELL.

GROWTH OF ORGANISMS GROWTH OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS IS DUE TO THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF CELLS. GROWTH OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS IS DUE TO THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF CELLS. SUBSTANCES ABSORBED FROM THE CELL’S ENVIRONMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION. SUBSTANCES ABSORBED FROM THE CELL’S ENVIRONMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION.

CELL DIVERSITY  NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE, WHY?  Not all cells have the same function -The human body contains 200 -The human body contains 200 different cells different cells Ex: blood cells, muscle cells, Ex: blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells… nerve cells, skin cells…

ANIMAL PLANT

VARIOUS CELLS…..CAN YOU TELL WHAT THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE??? Draw these in your Interactive NB. State what you think their function is & explain why based on their structure.

That’s it for now.

ORGANELLES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS CELL MEMBRANE CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL CELL WALL LYSOSOMES LYSOSOMES VACUOLE VACUOLE CHLOROPLASTS CHLOROPLASTS MITOCHONDRIA MITOCHONDRIA RIBOSOMES RIBOSOMES

ORGANELLES CONTINUED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI APPARATUS CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS NUCLEAR MEMBRANE NUCLEOLUS CHROMOSOMES CENTRIOLES