Working Toward the Next Generation of library Automation Tuesday 28 August 2008 Technische Universteit Delft Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University

Part I. Broad Industry and Product Trends

Library Technology Guides Repository for library automation data Repository for library automation data Lib-web-cats tracks 35,000 libraries and the automation systems used. Lib-web-cats tracks 35,000 libraries and the automation systems used. –Expanding to include more international scope Announcements and developments made by companies and organizations involved in library automation technologies Announcements and developments made by companies and organizations involved in library automation technologies

Recent Upheavals Industry Consolidation continues Industry Consolidation continues Abrupt transitions for major library automation products Abrupt transitions for major library automation products Increased industry control by external financial investors Increased industry control by external financial investors Demise of the traditional OPAC Demise of the traditional OPAC Frustration with ILS products and vendors Frustration with ILS products and vendors Open Source alternatives hit the mainstream Open Source alternatives hit the mainstream Breeding, Marshall: Perceptions 2007 an international survey of library automation. January 2008.

LJ Automation System Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal Annual Industry report published in Library Journal 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

ILS Industry in Transition Consolidation through mergers and acquisitions have resulted in a fewer number of players; larger companies Consolidation through mergers and acquisitions have resulted in a fewer number of players; larger companies Uncomfortable level of product narrowing Uncomfortable level of product narrowing Increased ownership by external interests Increased ownership by external interests Yet: Some companies and products continue on solid ground Yet: Some companies and products continue on solid ground Breeding, Marshall “Automation system marketplace 2008: Opportunity Out of Turmoil” Library Journal. April 1, 2008.

Library Automation M&A History

Internationalization Many large companies extending their geographic reach Many large companies extending their geographic reach Ex Libris – Based in Israel Ex Libris – Based in Israel Civica – Based in the United Kingdom Civica – Based in the United Kingdom SirsiDynix – Based in the United States SirsiDynix – Based in the United States Innovative Interfaces – Based in the United States Innovative Interfaces – Based in the United States

Broad Industry Trends Fewer number of larger companies Fewer number of larger companies Consolidation of product offerings Consolidation of product offerings Internationalization: strong opportunities for systems with strong multilingual capabilities. Internationalization: strong opportunities for systems with strong multilingual capabilities. Local companies challenged by global companies Local companies challenged by global companies Strong interest in open source alternatives Strong interest in open source alternatives Overall R&D Focused on fewer new products Overall R&D Focused on fewer new products

OCLC in the ILS arena? Increasingly overlapped with library automation activities Increasingly overlapped with library automation activities WorldCat Local recently announced WorldCat Local recently announced –Penetrating deeper into local libraries Library-owned cooperative on a buying binge of automation companies: Library-owned cooperative on a buying binge of automation companies: –Openly Informatics –Fretwell-Downing Informatics –Sisis Informationssysteme –PICA (now 100%) –DiMeMa (CONTENTdm) ILS companies concerned about competing with a non-profit with enormous resources and the ability to shift costs. ILS companies concerned about competing with a non-profit with enormous resources and the ability to shift costs.

Product and Technology Trends Innovation below expectations Innovation below expectations Conventional ILS less tenable Conventional ILS less tenable Proliferation of products related to e- content management Proliferation of products related to e- content management New genre of discovery-layer interfaces New genre of discovery-layer interfaces

Web 2.0 / Collaborative Computing Currently implemented ad hoc Currently implemented ad hoc Many libraries putting up blogs, wikis, and fostering engagement in social networking sites Many libraries putting up blogs, wikis, and fostering engagement in social networking sites Proliferation of silos with no integration or interoperability with larger library Web presence Proliferation of silos with no integration or interoperability with larger library Web presence Next Gen: Build social and collaborative features into core automation components Next Gen: Build social and collaborative features into core automation components

Part II. A Mandate for Openness

Opportunities for Openness Open Source Open Source –Alternative to traditionally licensed software Open Systems Open Systems –Software that doesn’t hold data hostage

Open Source Alternatives Explosive interest in Open Source driven by disillusionment with current vendors and near-evangelical promotion of this software licensing model Explosive interest in Open Source driven by disillusionment with current vendors and near-evangelical promotion of this software licensing model Beginning to emerge as a practical option Beginning to emerge as a practical option TOC (Total Cost of Ownership) still roughly equal to proprietary commercial model TOC (Total Cost of Ownership) still roughly equal to proprietary commercial model Still a risky strategy for libraries – traditional licensing also risky Still a risky strategy for libraries – traditional licensing also risky

A result of industry turmoil Disruptions and business decisions to narrow options have fueled the open source movement Disruptions and business decisions to narrow options have fueled the open source movement Benefit to libraries in having additional options Benefit to libraries in having additional options Traditionally licensed and open source ILS alternatives will coexist in the ILS arena Traditionally licensed and open source ILS alternatives will coexist in the ILS arena

Open Source ILS enters the mainstream Earlier era of pioneering efforts to ILS shifting into one where open source alternatives fall in the mainstream Earlier era of pioneering efforts to ILS shifting into one where open source alternatives fall in the mainstream Off-the-shelf, commercially supported product available Off-the-shelf, commercially supported product available Still a minority player, but gaining ground Still a minority player, but gaining ground

Open Source ILS options Koha Koha –Commercial support from LibLime Evergreen Evergreen –Commercial support from Equinox Software OPALS OPALS –Commercial support from Media Flex NewGenLib NewGenLib –Open Source ILS for the developing world

Business case for Open Source ILS Comparative total cost of ownership Comparative total cost of ownership Evaluate features and functionality Evaluate features and functionality Evaluate technology platform and conceptual models Evaluate technology platform and conceptual models Are they next-generation systems or open source version of legacy models? Are they next-generation systems or open source version of legacy models? “Making a Business Case for Open Source ILS.” Marshall Breeding, Computers in Libraries March

Impact of Open Source ILS Library automation industry cannot be complacent Library automation industry cannot be complacent Some libraries moving from traditionally licensed products to open source products with commercial support plans Some libraries moving from traditionally licensed products to open source products with commercial support plans Disruption of ILS industry Disruption of ILS industry –new pressures on incumbent vendors to deliver more innovation and to satisfy concerns for openness New competition / More options New competition / More options

More Open Systems Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models. Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models.

More Open Systems Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models. Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models.

A Continuum of Openness

Closed Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer Programmer access:

Standard RDBM Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Database administrators can access data stores involved with the system: Read-only? Read/write? Developer shares database schema Programmer access:

Open Source Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification. Programmer access:

Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

Open Source / Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

Depth of Openness Evaluate level of access to a products data stores and functional elements: Evaluate level of access to a products data stores and functional elements: –Open source vs Traditional licenses Some traditional vendors have well established API implementations Some traditional vendors have well established API implementations –SirsiDynix Unicorn (API available to authorized customer sites that take training program) –Ex Libris: consistent deployment of APIs in major products, recent strategic initiative: “Open Platform Program” –Innovative Interfaces: Patron API

Universal open APIs? Some progress on API to support discovery layer interfaces, but no comprehensive framework yet. Some progress on API to support discovery layer interfaces, but no comprehensive framework yet. Many industry protocols work like APIs: Many industry protocols work like APIs: –Z39.50, SRU/W, NCIP, OAI-PMH, OpenURL, etd It would be ideal if there were an open set of APIs that were implemented by all automation system products. It would be ideal if there were an open set of APIs that were implemented by all automation system products. –Third party components and add-ons would then work across all products. DLF ILS-Discovery Interface protocol. Targets interoperability between ILS and new genre of interfaces DLF ILS-Discovery Interface protocol. Targets interoperability between ILS and new genre of interfaces AKA: Berkeley Accords AKA: Berkeley Accords

Opportunity out of the Upheavals More options More options –Commercial + Open Source More vendors More vendors –New open source support companies provide new competition More library involvement More library involvement –Libraries re-energized to make significant contributions to the body of library automation software Traditionally licensed and open source automation systems will co-exist. We have an interest in the success of both alternatives. Traditionally licensed and open source automation systems will co-exist. We have an interest in the success of both alternatives.

Next-Generation Library Interfaces

Troubling statistic Where do you typically begin your search for information on a particular topic? College Students Response: 89%Search engines (Google 62%) 89%Search engines (Google 62%) 2%Library Web Site (total respondents -> 1%) 2%Library Web Site (total respondents -> 1%) 2%Online Database 2%Online Database 1% 1% 1% Online News 1% Online News 1% Online bookstores 1% Online bookstores 0% Instant Messaging / Online Chat 0% Instant Messaging / Online Chat OCLC. Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005) p

Usage + / - from 2005 to 2007 “The unfortunate exception is the use of library Web sites; usage has dropped from 2005 to 2007.” Source: Sharing, Privacy and Trust in our Networked World. OCLC % +14% +5% +30% -10%

Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the Web Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons –Google Scholar –Amazon.com –Wikipedia –Ask.com Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? Do they attract their interest? Do they attract their interest?

The Competition

The best Library OPAC?

Better?

Better?

Demand for compelling library interfaces Urgent need for libraries to offer interfaces their users will like to use Urgent need for libraries to offer interfaces their users will like to use Move into the current millennium Move into the current millennium Powerful search capabilities in tune with how the Web works today Powerful search capabilities in tune with how the Web works today Meet user expectations set by other Web destination Meet user expectations set by other Web destination

Inadequacy of ILS OPACs Online Catalog modules provided with an ILS subject to broad criticism as failing to meet expectations of growing segments of library patrons. Online Catalog modules provided with an ILS subject to broad criticism as failing to meet expectations of growing segments of library patrons. Not great at delivering electronic content Not great at delivering electronic content Complex text-based interfaces Complex text-based interfaces Relatively weak keyword search engines Relatively weak keyword search engines Lack of good relevancy sorting Lack of good relevancy sorting Narrow scope of content Narrow scope of content

Disjointed approach to information and service delivery Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Articles: Aggregated content products, e- journal collections Articles: Aggregated content products, e- journal collections OpenURL linking services OpenURL linking services E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) Local digital collections Local digital collections –ETDs, photos, rich media collections Metasearch engines Metasearch engines All searched separately All searched separately

Change underway Widespread dissatisfaction with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation catalogs and interfaces. Widespread dissatisfaction with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation catalogs and interfaces. Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system. Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system. Eventual redesign of the ILS to be better suited for current library collections of digital and print content Eventual redesign of the ILS to be better suited for current library collections of digital and print content

Next-Generation Interfaces: Scope and Concepts

Working toward a new generation of library interfaces Redefinition of the “library catalog” Redefinition of the “library catalog” Traditional notions of the library catalog questioned Traditional notions of the library catalog questioned Better information delivery tools Better information delivery tools More powerful search capabilities More powerful search capabilities More elegant presentation More elegant presentation

Redefining the “catalog” More comprehensive information discovery environments More comprehensive information discovery environments It’s no longer enough to provide a catalog limited to print resources It’s no longer enough to provide a catalog limited to print resources Digital resources cannot be an afterthought Digital resources cannot be an afterthought Systems designed for e-content only are also problematic Systems designed for e-content only are also problematic Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable Libraries working toward consolidated user environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources Libraries working toward consolidated user environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources

Comprehensive Search Service Current distributed query model of federated search model not adequate Current distributed query model of federated search model not adequate Expanded scope of search through harvested content Expanded scope of search through harvested content –Consolidated search services based on metadata and data gathered in advance (like OAI-PMH) Problems of scale diminished Problems of scale diminished Problems of cooperation persist Problems of cooperation persist Federated search currently operates as a plug-in component of next-gen interfaces. Federated search currently operates as a plug-in component of next-gen interfaces.

Web 2.0 Flavorings Strategic infrastructure + Web 2.0 Strategic infrastructure + Web 2.0 A more social and collaborative approach A more social and collaborative approach Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration Integrated blogs, wiki, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews Integrated blogs, wiki, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews Avoid Web 2.0 information silos Avoid Web 2.0 information silos

The Ideal Scope for Next Gen Library Interfaces Unified user experience Unified user experience A single point of entry into all the content and services offered by the library A single point of entry into all the content and services offered by the library Print + Electronic Print + Electronic Local + Remote Local + Remote Locally created Content Locally created Content User contributed content? User contributed content?

Next Generation Interfaces: Functions and Features

Interface Features / User Experience Simple point of entry Simple point of entry –Optional advanced search Relevancy ranked results Relevancy ranked results Facets for narrowing and navigation Facets for narrowing and navigation Query enhancement – spell check, etc Query enhancement – spell check, etc Suggested related results Suggested related results Navigational bread crumbs Navigational bread crumbs Enriched visual and textual content Enriched visual and textual content Single Sign-on Single Sign-on

Relevancy Ranking Based on advanced search engines specifically designed for relevancy Based on advanced search engines specifically designed for relevancy –Endeca, Lucene, etc Web users expect relevancy ordered results Web users expect relevancy ordered results –The “good stuff” should be listed first –Users tend not to delve deep into a result list –Good relevancy requires a sophisticated approach, including objective matching criteria supplemented by popularity and relatedness factors.

New Paradigm for search and navigation Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field Faceted Browsing Faceted Browsing –Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search” –gives the users clues about the number of hits in each sub topic –Ability to explore collections without a priori knowledge Visual search tools Visual search tools Navigational Bread crumbs Navigational Bread crumbs –Select / deselect facets

Query / Result Enhancement “Did you mean?” and other features to avoid “No results found” “Did you mean?” and other features to avoid “No results found” Validated Spell check Validated Spell check Automatic inclusion of authorized and related terms Automatic inclusion of authorized and related terms More like this – recommendation service More like this – recommendation service Make the query and the response to it better than the query provided Make the query and the response to it better than the query provided

Enriched content Rich visual information: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. Rich visual information: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. Syndetic Solutions ICE ($$$$) Syndetic Solutions ICE ($$$$) Amazon Web Service (AWS) Amazon Web Service (AWS) –Recent changes in term of use seem to preclude use by libraries Google Book Search API Google Book Search API –Released March 13, 2008 –Liberal terms of use No open content approach (yet) No open content approach (yet)

Personalization / Single Sign-on Customized content and service options based on personal preference and profile of user Customized content and service options based on personal preference and profile of user Persistent sign-on – horizontal and vertical Persistent sign-on – horizontal and vertical –Seamless navigation in and out of appropriate sub-systems ILL / ILS patron requests, federated search, proxy services ILL / ILS patron requests, federated search, proxy services –Credentials follow as user navigates among Web site components –ILS / Interlibrary Loan / proxy services / shopping cart / etc –Carry sign-on into and out of institutional resources Ability to select and save content; initiate requests; customize preferences, etc. Ability to select and save content; initiate requests; customize preferences, etc.

Deep search Entering post-metadata search era Entering post-metadata search era Increasing opportunities to search the full contents Increasing opportunities to search the full contents –Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, Microsoft Live Book Search, etc. –High-quality metadata will improve search precision Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” No comprehensive full text search for books quite yet No comprehensive full text search for books quite yet Not currently available through library search environments Not currently available through library search environments Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata See: Systems Librarian, May 2008 “Beyond the current generation of next-generation interfaces: deeper search”

Beyond Discovery Fulfillment oriented Fulfillment oriented Search -> select -> view Search -> select -> view Delivery/Fulfillment much harder than discovery Delivery/Fulfillment much harder than discovery Back-end complexity should be as seamless as possible to the user Back-end complexity should be as seamless as possible to the user Offer services for digital and print content Offer services for digital and print content

Library-specific Features Appropriate relevance factors Appropriate relevance factors –Objective keyword ranking + Library weightings –Circulation frequency, OCLC holdings, scholarly content Results grouping (FRBR) Results grouping (FRBR) Collection focused (vs sales-driven) Collection focused (vs sales-driven)

Enterprise Integration Ability to deliver content and services through non-library applications Ability to deliver content and services through non-library applications Campus portal solutions Campus portal solutions Courseware Courseware Social networking environments Social networking environments Search portals / Feed aggregators Search portals / Feed aggregators

Interoperability Decoupled interface implies data synchronization Decoupled interface implies data synchronization Mass export of catalog data Mass export of catalog data Hooks back into the ILS for holdings and patron services Hooks back into the ILS for holdings and patron services –Real-time availability

Architecture and Standards Need to have an standard approach for connecting new generation interfaces with ILS and other repositories Need to have an standard approach for connecting new generation interfaces with ILS and other repositories Proprietary and ad hoc methods currently prevail Proprietary and ad hoc methods currently prevail Digital Library Federation Digital Library Federation –ILS-Discovery Interface Group Time to start thinking about a new generation of ILS better suited for current library collections and missions. Time to start thinking about a new generation of ILS better suited for current library collections and missions.

Smart and Sophisticated Much more difficult than old gen OPACS Much more difficult than old gen OPACS Not a dumbed-down approach Not a dumbed-down approach Wed library specific requirements and expectations with e-commerce technologies Wed library specific requirements and expectations with e-commerce technologies

Open Source opportunity? Commercial traditionally licensed solutions currently far ahead of open source alternatives Commercial traditionally licensed solutions currently far ahead of open source alternatives Time-to-market a critical factor Time-to-market a critical factor Challenge to catch up Challenge to catch up

New-Gen Library Interfaces Current Commercial and Open Source Products

Endeca Guided Navigation North Carolina State University North Carolina State Universityhttp:// McMaster University McMaster Universityhttp://libcat.mcmaster.ca/ Phoenix Public Library Phoenix Public Libraryhttp:// Florida Center for Library Automation Florida Center for Library Automationhttp://catalog.fcla.edu/ux.jsp

AquaBrowser Library Queens Borough Public Library Queens Borough Public Library – Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University – University of Chicago University of Chicago –

Ex Libris Primo Discovery and Delivery platform for academic libraries Discovery and Delivery platform for academic libraries Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt Universityhttp://alphasearch.library.vanderbilt.edu University of Minnesota University of Minnesota ary/libweb/action/search.do?vid=TWINCI TIES ary/libweb/action/search.do?vid=TWINCI TIES University of Iowa University of Iowa

Encore from Innovative Interfaces Designed for academic, public and special libraries Designed for academic, public and special libraries Nashville Public Library Nashville Public Library Scottsdale Public Library Scottsdale Public Library pp pp Yale University Lillian Goldman Law Library Yale University Lillian Goldman Law Library

OCLC Worldcat Local OCLC WorldCat customized for local library catalog OCLC WorldCat customized for local library catalog –Relies on hooks into ILS for local services –Tied to library holdings set in WorldCat University of Washington Libraries University of Washington Libraries University of California Melvyl Catalog University of California Melvyl Catalog

The Library Corporation First ILS company involved in promoting new interface technologies First ILS company involved in promoting new interface technologies Initially based its strategy on AquaBrowser and Endeca Initially based its strategy on AquaBrowser and Endeca Indigo – announced at ALA Midwinter Jan 2008 Indigo – announced at ALA Midwinter Jan 2008 “Library Positioning Software” “Library Positioning Software” Based on Lucene / SOLR Based on Lucene / SOLR

SirsiDynix Enterprise based on Brainware Globalbrain technology Enterprise based on Brainware Globalbrain technology –Prototypes shown at ALA Annual Conference Offered only in SaaS model initially Offered only in SaaS model initially Product based on FAST announced in March 2006 – withdrawn Product based on FAST announced in March 2006 – withdrawn

LibraryThing for Libraries Not a full next-gen interface Not a full next-gen interface Provides a way to add tagging to existing interfaces Provides a way to add tagging to existing interfaces Deal with social tagging critical mass problem Deal with social tagging critical mass problem

Scriblio Formerly WPopac Formerly WPopac Built with WordPress Built with WordPress Plymouth State University Plymouth State University Searches library Web site + catalog Searches library Web site + catalog

VUFind – Villanova University Based on Apache Solr search toolkit

eXtensible Catalog University of Rochester – River Campus Libraries University of Rochester – River Campus Libraries Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Part III. Moving toward new generation of library automation

Rethinking the ILS Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS Working toward a new model of library automation Working toward a new model of library automation –Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications –Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

ILS: a legacy concept? ILS = Integrated Library System ILS = Integrated Library System (Cataloging + Circulation + OPAC + Serials + Acquisitions) Focused on print and physical inventory Focused on print and physical inventory Electronic content at the Journal Title or collection level Electronic content at the Journal Title or collection level Emerged in the 1960’s – 1970’s Emerged in the 1960’s – 1970’s Functionality has evolved and expanded, but basic concepts and modules remain intact Functionality has evolved and expanded, but basic concepts and modules remain intact Note: Some companies work toward evolving the ILS to competently handle both print and digital content (e.g. Innovative Interfaces) Note: Some companies work toward evolving the ILS to competently handle both print and digital content (e.g. Innovative Interfaces)

ILS: ever diminishing role Many libraries putting much less emphasis on ILS Many libraries putting much less emphasis on ILS Just an inventory system for physical materials Just an inventory system for physical materials Investments in electronic content increasing Investments in electronic content increasing Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less. Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less.

Dis-integration of Library Automation Functionality ILS -- Print and Physical inventory ILS -- Print and Physical inventory OpenURL Link resolver OpenURL Link resolver Federated Search Federated Search Electronic Resource Management Module Electronic Resource Management Module Discovery layer interface Discovery layer interface

Is non-integrated automation sustainable? Major burden on library personnel Major burden on library personnel Serial procurement / installation / configuration / maintenance cycles take many years to result in a comprehensive environment Serial procurement / installation / configuration / maintenance cycles take many years to result in a comprehensive environment Inefficient data models Inefficient data models Disjointed interfaces for library users Disjointed interfaces for library users Very long cycle to gain comprehensive automation Very long cycle to gain comprehensive automation

Breaking down the modules Traditional ILS Traditional ILS –Cataloging –Circulation –Online Catalog –Acquisitions –Serials control –Reporting Modern approach: SOA Modern approach: SOA

Service Oriented Architecture

Legacy ILS + e-content modules Federated Search Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Serials OpenURL Linking Electronic Resource Mgmt System Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules:

SOA model for business automation Underlying data repositories Underlying data repositories –Local or Global Reusable business services Reusable business services Composite business applications Composite business applications

SOA for library workflow processes Data Stores: Reusable Business Services Composite Applications Granular tasks:

Comprehensive Resource Management Broad conceptual approach that proposes a library automation environment that spans all types of content that comprise library collections. Broad conceptual approach that proposes a library automation environment that spans all types of content that comprise library collections. Traditional ILS vendors: Under development but no public announcements Traditional ILS vendors: Under development but no public announcements Open Source projects in early phases Open Source projects in early phases Projection: 2-3 years until we begin see library automation systems that follow this approach. 5-7 years for wider adoption. Projection: 2-3 years until we begin see library automation systems that follow this approach. 5-7 years for wider adoption.

Open Library Environment (OLE) project Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Andrew W. Mellon Foundation –Research in Information Technology program –Solicited proposal / Lead institution Duke University selected to lead project Duke University selected to lead project Core Participants: Kansas University, Lehigh University, National Library of Australia, Library and Archives Canada, University of Pennsylvania, Marshall Breeding Core Participants: Kansas University, Lehigh University, National Library of Australia, Library and Archives Canada, University of Pennsylvania, Marshall Breeding Advisory Participants: University of Chicago, Wittier College, University of Maryland, ORBIS Cascade Alliance, Rutgers University Advisory Participants: University of Chicago, Wittier College, University of Maryland, ORBIS Cascade Alliance, Rutgers University Status: Proposal complete, pending formal approval from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Status: Proposal complete, pending formal approval from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Preparing for next generation library automation Reassess workflows Reassess workflows Separate streams for print and digital? Separate streams for print and digital? Integrated processing of print and digital? Integrated processing of print and digital? Opportunities to take advantage of SOA-based composite business applications Opportunities to take advantage of SOA-based composite business applications Assemble a more ideal set of tools for managing serials and periodicals Assemble a more ideal set of tools for managing serials and periodicals

Questions and Discussion