REDD+ and multiple benefits Multiple benefits workshop Palu, 25 July 2012 Ulf Narloch UNEP – World Conservation Monitoring Centre

Content 1.The REDD+ mechanism 2.REDD+ benefits and risks 3.Safeguards 4.REDD+ decisions 5.Role of UNEP 6.Decision-support for REDD+ planning 7.Conclusions

1. REDD+ activities

2. Multiple benefits REDD+ has the potential to deliver multiple benefits including climate change mitigation strengthened livelihoods enhancement of ecosystem services (ES) conservation of biodiversity (BD)

2.1 Benefits beyond carbon 1.Livelihood benefits – support forest-dependent livelihoods – generate income/jobs from REDD+ – contribute to poverty alleviation 2.Biodiversity conservation – in-situ gene pool for research & development – biological resources with consumptive & cultural values – existence of rare species – diverse systems enhance resilience/ecosystem functioning

2.1 Benefits beyond carbon 3.Ecosystem services – water flow regulation, provision & purification – soil conservation (fertility & sedimentation control) – nutrient cycling, pollination, etc. – cultural benefits – recreation & tourism – timber and non-timber forest products

1.Negative livelihood impact – access to forest by local people undermined – development through forestry/agriculture limited – inequality though unfair payment/benefit sharing systems exacerbated 2.Biodiversity and ecosystem services undermined – reforestation existing forest with non-native species – conversion of natural non-forest ecosystems into tree plantations – displacement of deforestation or forest degradation to non-targeted locations – intensified use of agricultural systems 2.2 Social and Environmental risks

3.1 UNFCCC safeguards (2010) Including: Actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological diversity, ensuring that actions referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision are not used for the conversion of natural forests, but are instead used to incentivize the protection and conservation of natural forests and their ecosystem services, and to enhance other social and environmental benefits Cancun Agreements: FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1

3.2 Social and Environmental Principles and Criteria (SEPC ) guiding framework for the UN-REDD programme  address social and environmental issues in UN-REDD national programmes and other UN-REDD funded activities  support countries to develop national approaches to REDD+ safeguards in line with UNFCCC - Example: Principle 5 - Protect natural forest from degradation and/or conversion: Criterion 18 Ensure that REDD+ activities do not cause the conversion of natural forest, to planted forest, unless as part of forest restoration, and make reducing conversion of forests to other land uses (e.g. agriculture, infrastructure ) a REDD+ priority Benefits and Risks Tool (BeRT) is being developed to help apply the SEPC in country Identifies relevant tools

4.1 REDD+ impacts impact on livelihoods, biodiversity, ecosystem services carbon benefit harms benefits avoid risks of adverse impacts realize opportunities for multiple benefits

REDD+ decisions are two-dimensional: 1. where to implement REDD+ (location) 2. how to implement REDD+ (activity and approach) 4.2 REDD+ decisions  countries face complex choices so as to take optimal decisions - given varying priority settings - subject to environmental and social safeguards - subject to limited resources

1.generic analyses of the challenges countries face and provide forums for awareness raising and lesson-learning 2.provide direct technical support and capacity building to countries in order to secure multiple benefits under REDD+ – awareness raising so as to highlight the importance of multiple benefits and environmental safeguards – decision-support for REDD+ planning so that countries can account for ES & BD in their national strategies and action plans - environmental safeguards and standards - mapping of carbon, ecosystem services, and biodiversity benefits – support countries in REDD+ implementation - safeguard information systems -monitoring ES & BD impacts 5. Role of UNEP

Los bosques no son todos iguales 6. Decision support for REDD+ planning

1) Guidance document on relevant decision-support tools  What tools can be used to answer typical questions for decision-makers o quickly and cheaply o when more time and/or money are available (e.g. rules of thumb on ES provision vs. modelling) 2) Illustrated guide to the impacts of different REDD+ approaches on carbon and non-carbon benefits for district-level stakeholders 3) Overview and analysis of existing legal and policy documents that relate to BD and ES  What are their implications for the design, location and extent of REDD+ activities? 6.1 Priority tools selected by Indonesian partners

6.2 REDD+ approaches a number of approaches to secure REDD+ activities forest conservation sustainable forest management forest rehabilitation (timber or tree plantations) (agroforestry) (fire control)  vary in their impact on carbon, biodiversity, water, livelihoods...

APPROACH Impacts on: Implementation Cost Ease of measuring carbon benefits Carbon Biodiversity SoilWaterNTFPsLivelihoods Maintaining natural forest (prevention of conversion) $ Promoting use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) at sustainable harvesting levels $ Change from conventional logging to Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) $ Enrichment planting in logged over forest $$ Rehabilitation of degraded land through (assisted) natural regeneration $ Rehabilitation of degraded land through enrichment planting $$ Monoculture plantation of non- native species ( on non-forest land ) $$$ Plantation of mixed native species ( on non-forest land ) $$$ Conversion of open land to agroforestry $$ Fire control through raised awareness and increased enforcement in areas at risk $

suitability of REDD+ approaches vary with location depending on - legal regulations - environmental factors (terrain, current condition) - socio-economic conditions in some locations different approaches may be suitable 6.3 REDD+ locations

APPROACH Legal statusTerrain & other environmental factors State forest land Non-state forest land (APL) Degraded land Steep slopes Riparian zones High conservation value areas Production Forest Limited Production Protection Conserva-tion / Protected Areas Maintaining natural forest (prevention of conversion) Promoting the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) at sustainable harvesting levels Change from conventional logging to Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) xxx Enrichment planting in logged over forest Rehabilitation of degraded land through (assisted) natural regeneration Rehabilitation of degraded land through enrichment planting Monoculture plantation of non-native species ( on non-forest land ) Plantation of mixed native species (on non-forest land) Conversion of open land to agroforestry Fire control - raised awareness and increased enforcement in areas at risk

multiple benefits are not a guaranteed outcome – risk of negative impacts – trade-offs between carbon and non-carbon benefits possible – not all ES & BD benefits are complementary to one another potential impact of REDD+ approaches in different locations and their suitability need to be carefully considered chose REDD+ approach & location so as to  avoid social and environmental risks  secure multiple benefits given national priorities  contribute to Green Economy transformations 7. Conclusions