Chapter 24: The Spine. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Reflexes  Many of the body’s reflexes allow for testing of.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Advertisements

Exercise 16: Human Reflex Physiology

The Nervous System: Nerve Plexuses, Reflexes, and Sensory and Motor Pathways. By: Avi Asraf Roger Yee Santiago Roybal Sasha Buz Valeria Muňoz Vincent Cottrill.

Nervous System GCSE Science Chapter 2.

Chapter 13 - The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Sensory Receptors Nerves and Ganglia.

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM & REFLEX ACTIVITY

Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Reflex Arc Reflexes are an automatic and rapid response to a particular stimulation If the command centre for the reflex is located in the brain.

Spinal Reflexes Automatic response to change in environment

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn PowerPoint.

How and why do organisms respond to changes in their environment? Can you list what is required for a coordinated response? What makes up the CNS? Can.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

What helps you remember your part in a play?

Nervous System Exercises 22 and 23. Reflexes Reflexes are fast, predictable, automatic, subconscious responses to changes inside or outside the body.

Reflex Physiology. Reflex Arc The reflex arc governs the operation of reflexes. Nerve impulses follow nerve pathways as they travel through the nervous.

Human Anatomy & Physiology FIFTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Nervous System The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Chapter 31 Nervous System.

Nervous System Central Nervous System: consists of the brain and spinal cord. It reacts to internal and external stimuli. Peripheral Nervous System: Consists.

Chapter 13.1 Pages The Nervous System. Introduction The Organization of the Nervous System.

The Nervous System.

The Nervous System. Neurons  The neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system. Humans have about 100 billion neurons in their brain alone!  While.

Main Function: This communication system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. Our nervous.

Figure 13-1 An Overview of Chapters 13 and 14

Unit IV: Coordination Reflex Arc

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

Nerve Plexuses All ventral rami except T 2 -T 12 form interlacing nerve ___________________________called _ Plexuses are found in the cervical, brachial,

The Reflex Arc Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of only two neurons.

Synaptic Reflexes Monosynaptic – a simple neuronal pathway in which sensory neurons synapse directly with motor neurons. Polysynaptic – more complex pathways.

Main Function: This system controls functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. Our nervous system allows us to feel.

 Automatic motor response to stimuli  Produces the same response every time  Reflex Arc  Step One: Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor.

The Central Nervous System PART 5

Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes. Gross Spinal Anatomy Connects brain to body carries impulses to and from brain. Extends from brain to L1 Braches to create.

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture.

Extra! The reflex arc does just more than just pull our hands away from danger.

The Nervous System.

Biology 30 The Nervous System Chapter 11 and 12 Intro Animation.

Meninges and Spinal Cord

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Afferent and Efferent Nerves (Sensory&Motor Nerves) By: Jasleen Bains.

Nervous System. Structures  Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves Function  Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal.

NERVOUS SYSTEM Its function is to control and co-ordinate the parts of the body.

Nervous system. General Info The nervous system controls movement, reflexes and thought processes The nervous system controls movement, reflexes and thought.

Exercise Science Section 6: The Nervous System and the Control of Movement An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen.

Innervation of Joints Hilton’s law: any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the.

How a Stimulus Elicits a Response

Nervous System Axons Take information away from the cell body Dendrites Bring information to the cell body.

Chapter 24 Regulation. Why do you respond to changes around you? Your responses are controlled by your nervous and endocrine system. Together these 2.

The Nervous System Nervous Regulation – Allows you to respond to changes (STIMULI) in the environment (MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS)

AIM: How does the nervous system function? A. Parts of the Nervous System 1. Neurons – the basic cellular unit of the nervous system a. Sensory neurons.

The Nervous System Chapter 31 (M). Functions of the Nervous System The nervous system collects information about the body’s internal and external environment,

Section 33.1: Structure of the Nervous System. A. Neurons Neurons  specialized cells that help you gather info about your environment, interpret the.

Reflex Arcs Nervous System. Reacting to Changes You need to keep the conditions inside your body constant. Doing this is called homeostasis. Small changes.

Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 The Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Chapter 9b.

The Human Nervous System

The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Reflexes Interactive (pgs )

Reflexes Rapid, predictable, involuntary response to stimuli

Spinal Cord and Reflexes

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity: Part D

Figure 21.1 The five basic components of reflex arcs.

Human Systems Nervous System Integumentary System Skeletal System

Spinal Cord Protection and coverings

Reflexes Rapid, predictable, involuntary responses to stimuli

Notes Ch. 11D Nervous System II

Presentation transcript:

Chapter 24: The Spine

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Reflexes  Many of the body’s reflexes allow for testing of nervous system integrity.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 Patellar (Knee-Jerk) Reflex  This commonly tested reflex is accomplished by tapping the patellar tendon, which stretches the quadriceps muscle, stimulating that muscle’s stretch receptors.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4 Patellar (Knee-Jerk) Reflex (cont.)  A nerve signal is sent to the spinal cord, which reflects back through a motor neuron to the quadriceps and causes contraction.  Quadriceps contraction causes the lower leg to extend.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5 Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflex  This reflex is usually activated in response to some potentially injurious stimulus, such as stepping on a sharp or hot object.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6 Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflex (cont.)  A receptor located in the skin responds to pain. A nerve signal is sent to the spinal cord, where it reflects through a motor neuron to flexor muscles such as the leg’s hamstrings, causing the limb to pull away from the stimulus.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 Plantar Reflex  Tests the integrity of the lower spinal cord.  A reflex hammer is pulled along the sole of the foot with pressure applied.  The normal response is a curling of the toes.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8 Plantar Reflex (cont.)  If damage is present, an abnormal reflex response is a spreading of the toes and lifting of the big toe, also known as Babinski’s sign.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9 Nervous System Anatomy  Although other cells help with support and nourishment, the only cell that can communicate impulses to other cells is the neuron.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 Gray and White Matter  Gray matter consists mostly of neuron cell bodies.  White matter consists mostly of myelinated nerve fibers.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11 Gray and White Matter (cont.)  Gray matter is found in the center of the spinal cord and is surrounded by white matter.  In the brain there is an additional outer gray matter layer, the cerebral cortex.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12 Spinal Injuries  Trauma to the spine can produce devastating injuries, including paralysis and death.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13 Jaw-Thrust Maneuver  This is the safest method to restore breathing when neck injury is suspected.  The mandible is brought forward by placing fingers behind the jaw angle and lifting.

Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14 Intervertebral Disc Herniation  A structural defect in which the softer nucleus pulposus protrudes through the tough annulus fibrosus