Syphilis Gavin Hensley
What is syphilis? Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum – obligate intracellular bacterium Spirochete (corkscrew- shaped) Affects wide variety of tissue/organ types Unusually small genome
Biological mechanisms Endoflagella within the periplasmic space allow corkscrew-like motility Attach to ECM components via adhesins Able to penetrate junctions in between endothelial cells Antigenic variation in TprK
Transmission Sexually transmitted disease Occurs through contact with chancre (syphilitic sore) There is risk of congenital syphilis infection in cases of pregnant women positive for the disease.
Epidemiology Estimated 12 million people infected annually 90% of cases occur in the developing world Epidemiological shift from heterosexual men and women to MSM cases Racial and ethnic minorities more greatly affected (MSW) In the US
Symptoms Syphilis is characterized by primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages Chancres Skin rashes, lesions, gummas Internal organ damage at late stage Neurosyphilis
Diagnosis Dark-field microscopy (primary syphilis) Nontreponemal and treponemal blood tests Treponemal detects antibodies specific for the bacterium while nontreponemal is more generic and broad
Prevention Condoms! Practice safe sex. Know your partner’s sexual history.
Treatment Intramuscular injection of long-acting Benzathine penicillin G Bacterium is very sensitive, no resistance has developed
Proteolytic activity of pallilysin
References detailed.htm Houston, Simon, Rebecca Hof, Lisa Honeyman, Julia Hassler, and Caroline E. Cameron. "Activation and Proteolytic Activity of the Treponema Pallidum Metalloprotease, Pallilysin." Ed. Jenifer Coburn. PLoS Pathogens 8.7 (2012): E Web. Lafond, R. E., and S. A. Lukehart. "Biological Basis for Syphilis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19.1 (2006): Web.