Crushing Martian Regolith Simulant for In-Situ Water Extraction Final Presentation Nick Sestito & Christopher Graham Interdisciplinary member: Ian Kaplan (CE) November 30 th, 2015
Project Introduction Eventual colonization of Mars A primary necessity is water Feedstock Requirement Return Rocket Propellant Consumables Etc. Old Dominion RASC-AL 2015 group Branching from their excavation proposal Extraction from Surface Regolith
Project Introduction Mars Odyssey Orbiter data: Substantial surface water content 12-44% water content (by weight) Northern Martian hemisphere
Project Introduction Project Goal: Determine an optimal crushed grain size Develop preliminary hardware designs Propose a Crushing process Estimate overall process power consumption
Power Constraints RAPID-L Reactor Micro nuclear reactor prototype Created for Mars and moon colonization Proposed by previous semester Relative Specifications 200 kW electrical power 5 MW thermal power (waste heat)
Determining an Optimal Output Grain Size Thermal Model to determine optimal size Increasing total surface area of each grain Employing a Hot CO2 oven to extract water Mars atmosphere: 95% Carbon Dioxide Heat regolith grains past boiling point of water
Thermal Model Forced convection – Lumped system approach Temp CO2=600K Initial Regolith grain Temp: 200 K Final regolith grain Temp: 375 K System Pressure: 100 kPa Heating Schematic
Thermal Model Results of the thermal model: regolith grains sizes 1mm-5mm diameter Realistic pipe length and diameter Power Consumption of the thermal model Roughly 20 Watts consumption For all grain sizes 1mm – 5 mm Assumed Heating source is RAPID-L 20 Watts from available 5 MW
Thermal Model Results
Crusher Type Selection Many types of crushers with differing reduction ratios Jaw Crusher Cone Crusher Hammer Mill Most designed for Industrial Use Weight measured in tons “Portable” crushers often are towed around Hourly processing Rate often in tons per hour This exceeds the needs and criteria of our mars application
Lab Crushers Few crushers are small in size Jeweler Equipment for exposing gems Lab equipment Food Processors Lab crushers proved to be ideal base point Designed for crushing common gravel through granite Small size and light weight Lower power consumption Regolith processing rate in scale of project demands. Exist Primarily as Jaw Crushers
Bico Jaw Crushers 2 Models that Function in our ideal set up Chipmunk Jaw Crusher 3hp, feed size x10.16cm Output size (longest dimension) 1.6mm Badger Jaw Crusher 5 hp Feed size 12.7x17.78cm Output size 3mm Chipmunk gets below 2mm range, but cant accept 10x10x10 cubes Badger can handle 10x10x10 cubes and produces out 3 mm grains
Stress Analysis Compressive Strength for ice (-50 deg C) 50 Mpa Stress Analysis done in MSC-PATRAN/NASTRAN Input size: 10 cubic cm Output size: 1-5 mm in diameter Modeled as a cantilever beam Fixed to non-moving jaw Force applied as distributed load from movable jaw
Stress Analysis Results Distributed Load: 5*10^4 N/m Resultant Force 1100 lbs Von Mises Stress Yellow – 50 Mpa Red – 60 MPa
Jaw Crusher Power Estimate Basis for Estimation from Chipmunk Jaw Crusher Motor: 400 rmp From image scaling Eccentric shaft: 90 rpm 4 inch diameter From image scaling Eccentric shaft: 90 rpm 18 inch diameter
Jaw Crusher Power Estimate Torque throughout the shaft τ=1100 lbsf*42 in=2200 lbsf i Power=torque*angular velocity P=2200 lb-in * 90 rot/min ≈1700 lb-ft/sec 1700 lb-ft/sec= 3.09 hp ≈3 hp Factor of safety S.F. = 2.0 Power = 6.0 hp
Summarization Water source: surface excavation Input regolith size: 10 cubic cm Output regolith size range: 1-5 mm diameter Crushing method: Customized-geometry jaw crusher Mechanical power estimation: 6 horsepower
Gantt Chart