The Middle East
What is the Middle East? Term invented by Europeans Includes Southwest Asia and often North Africa (because of Islam and use of Arabic language)
Crossroads of the World Connects 3 continents Asia, Europe, Africa Trade, ideas, inventions of many civilizations spread (i.e. alphabet, religion) Silk Road
Today Strategic importance for military Vital sea routes Economy Oil
1.Northern Tier 2.Arabian Peninsula 3.Fertile Crescent 4.Nile Valley 5.The Maghreb 5 Major Regions
Northern Tier Turkey to Iran Mountains and plateaus Anatolian Plateau in Turkey: fertile soil, large population Iranian Plateau: dry, small population
Arabian Peninsula Large Plateau Small Population: Lack of water Live around oasis (fertile desert area) Large amounts of oil Birthplace of Islam
Fertile Crescent Between Mediterranean Sea and Persia Gulf Large pop. – Rich soil, abundant water Early civilizations Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Nile Valley Northeastern Africa Flooding of Nile predictable and dependable, unlike Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
The Maghreb Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia “Western isle” Sahara Desert, Atlas Mountains Most live along coast where there is more rain
Climate and Resources Nearly all the region is desert Adapt due to lack of water Building irrigation systems Desalination Animal-powered irrigation, Upper Egypt, circa 1840
Climate and Resources Oil is the most valuable resource Unevenly distributed across Middle East Economic differences between oil-rich countries and those that lack oil
Where The World’s Oil is Coming From
What is an Arab? Anyone whose native language is Arabic Majority ethnic group Originally from Arabian Peninsula May Ziade ( ) – writer for the Arabic newspapers, poet, author
Major languages: Arabic Turkish Hebrew Kurdish Farsi Greek Armenian Languages
Religions Islam Judaism Christianity
Majority are Muslim (practice Islam) Most Arabs are Muslim There are non-Arabs who are also Muslim Large numbers of Christians in Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria Religious Diversity
Other Ethnic Groups Turks, Iranians, Kurds Migrated to the Middle East from other parts of Asia Own language and traditions Azra Akın – Turkish model, Miss World 2002