Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements Fatigue Risk Management Virgilijus Valentukevicius, EASA

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 2 I. The Basis ICAO Annex 6 Part I, II and III ICAO FRMS Guidance Material Basic Regulation 216/2008 EU OPS Subpart Q

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 3 II. The Concept Implementing Rules Certification Specifications Fatigue Management

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 4 All crew members (Annex IV, 7.f.): No crew member must allow their task achievement/decision making to deteriorate to the extent that flight safety is endangered because of the effects of fatigue Taking into account … fatigue accumulation, sleep deprivation, number of sectors flown, night duties or time zone changes Rest periods must provide sufficient time … to overcome the effects of the previous duties and to be well rested by the start of the following flight duty period The Basis – Reg 216/2008 ERs

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 5 Commercial and complex aircraft operations (Annex IV, 8.b. & 8.f): limitations applicable to flight time, flight duty periods and rest periods … specified in the operations manual fatigue management … through a rostering system … to address flight time, flight duty periods, duty and adapted rest periods The Basis – Reg 216/2008 ERs

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 6 Commercial and complex aircraft operations (Annex IV, 8.b. & 8.f): rostering system to take into account … number of sectors flown, time zone crossing, sleep deprivation, disruption of circadian cycles, night hours, positioning, cumulative duty time for given periods of time, sharing of allocated tasks between crew members, and … augmented crews

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 7 Air Operation Certification With regard to flight time limitation Agency to issue certification specifications Initially, the implementing rules shall include all substantive provisions of Subpart Q, taking into account the latest scientific and technical evidence The Basis – Reg 216/2008 Art. 22

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 8 Air Operation Certification With regard to flight time limitation Individual schemes which are acceptable to the Agency, or on which the Commission has taken a positive decision … shall be published Provisional derogations in unforeseen urgent operational circumstances or operational needs of a limited duration and non-repetitive nature, until the Agency expresses its opinion

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 9 Air Operation Certification Member States may approve individual flight time specification schemes Member States notify the Agency, the Commission and the other MS’s that it intends to grant approval for an individual scheme The Basis – Reg 216/2008 Art. 22

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 10 Air Operation Certification Agency shall, within one month, assess the individual scheme on the basis of a scientific and medical evaluation Thereafter the Member States may grant the approval, unless the Agency has proposed changes. Should the MS agree with these changes, it may grant the approval accordingly

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 11 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section VIII - FTL General Certification Specifications The Concept Fatigue Risk Management FTL Requirements Authority Requirements “FTL” Part-OPS Subpart GEN “FTL”

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 12 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 Individual FTL Schemes The Concept Authority Requirements “FTL” Approval procedures for individual FTL schemes Safety objective Required documentation Notification and approval processes

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 13 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 The Concept Part-OPS Subpart GEN “FTL” Crew responsibilities crewmembers subject to FTL schemes of more than one operator:  compliance with all FTL requirements  inform each operator  maintain individual records responsibility to assess and manage level of fatigue

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 14 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section VIII - FTL General Certification Specifications The Concept Fatigue Risk Management FTL Requirements

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 15 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section VIII - FTL General The Concept

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 16 The Concept - General Definitions augmented crew, flight time, duty time, duty period, flight duty period, etc.

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 17 The Concept - General Operator responsibilities publish roster, nominate home base, specify reporting times, schedule crew members in line with FTL requirements, etc.

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 18 The Concept - General Records on flight and duty times and rest period Non-commercial Commercial: 15 months, provided by crew members, extended FDP Copies: to crew member, other operator

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 19 The Concept - General Fatigue Risk Management System Integral part of management system, manage risks of fatigue, correspond to roster system or FTL CS, requirement to report, apply mitigating measures

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 20 The Concept - General Flight Duty Period (FDP) PIC discretion in special circumstances Reduce FDP/increase rest Increase FDP/reduce rest – PIC report If >1 hr – report to authority

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 21 The Concept - General Flight Times & Duty Periods Total duty periods  In any 28 consecutive days  In any 7 consecutive days Total flight time  In any 28 consecutive days  In any 12 consecutive calendar months

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 22 The Concept - General Positioning Time spent on positioning is duty time Positioning prior to operating is part of the FDP

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 23 The Concept - General Standby duty (aerodrome/operating site) Count in full (cumulative duty), flight – duty period (rest calculation), no flight – rest period, quiet comfortable place, not accessible to the public

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 24 The Concept - Non-commercial operators of complex aircraft FTL limitations part of Ops Manual, option to use roster system (sectors, time zones, night hours, positioning, cumulative duty time, …) or CS or individual FTL scheme Corresponding FRMS

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 25 The Concept - Commercial operators Records (for 15 months) Flight times Start, duration, end of duty or FDP Rest periods Days free of duty

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 26 The Concept - Commercial operators Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) components Policy, training programmes, fatigue (and incidents related to fatigue) detection, reporting, investigation and management, feedback, adjustment mechanism

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 27 The Concept - Commercial operators Flight time specification schemes CS published by the Agency Individual FTL scheme approved by the competent authority (Part AR)

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 28 The Concept - Commercial operators Flight time specification schemes Compliance with Basic Regulation and IRs Full description with documentation (operational experience, best practices, address all applicable FTL requirements, FRMS, risk assessment, scientific knowledge, affected groups)

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 29 The Concept - Commercial operators Flight time specification schemes Roster system elements (FDP, flight times, duty periods, positioning duty, standby duty, rest periods)

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 30 The Concept - Commercial operators Flight duty period (FDP) Maximum basic daily FDP and reductions:  Dependent on the number of sectors flown  When it start, end or encompass the Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 31 The Concept - Commercial operators Flight duty period (FDP) Maximum basic daily FDP and extensions:  Number of sectors, FDP within the WOCL, Max Nr of extensions, augmentation of basic flight crew, etc… Conditions and procedures for the decision of PIC in special circumstances

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 32 The Concept - Commercial operators Standby duty FTL schemes to address  Maximum length  Standby followed by flight duty  Rest following standby duty standby duty shall be rostered requirements for airport standby duty

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 33 The Concept - Commercial operators Rest Periods Minimum rest after duty period Rest away from home base Compensation of time zone differences Recurrent extended recovery rest periods

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 34 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section VIII - FTL Certification Specifications The Concept FTL Requirements

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 35 Certification specifications FTL specification scheme Commercial air transport (aeroplanes) EU-OPS Subpart Q Figures Further CSs to be developed air taxi, corporate, specialised heli ops,...

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 36 Certification specifications FTL specification scheme Commercial air transport (aeroplanes) EU-OPS Subpart Q Figures

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 37 Certification specifications FTL specification scheme Commercial air transport (aeroplanes) EU-OPS Subpart Q Figures

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 38 Certification specifications Flight Times & Duty Periods Total duty periods  60 duty hours in any 7 consecutive days  190 duty hours in any 28 consecutive days Total block time  100 flight hours in any 28 consecutive days  900 flight hours in any 12 consecutive calendar months

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 39 Certification specifications Minimum rest period At home base - 12 hrs Away from home base – 10 hrs (incl. 8 hrs sleep) Recurrent extended recovery period  To compensate cumulative fatigue  36 hrs including 2 local nights  168 hrs between end - start

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 40 Certification specifications Unforeseen circumstances Max daily FDP without extension - increase up to 2 hrs (augmented flight crew – 3 hrs) Max daily FDP with extension - increase up to 1 hr (augmented flight crew – 2 hrs) Final sector – flexibility Consultation with all crew members

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 41 Basic Regulation – ERs & Art 22 Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section VIII - FTL The Concept - FRMS Fatigue Risk Management

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 42 The Concept - FRMS Fatigue Risk Management System Integral part of the safety management system Correspond to the type, size and complexity of the operations & the flight time specification scheme Elements in line with ICAO guidelines for the development of a FRMS

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 43 The Concept - FRMS Fatigue Risk Management System Integration of operational and scientific data in rostering Balance between duty types, crew rest and recovery All relevant aspects shall be implemented, not selective elements only

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 44 The Concept - FRMS Fatigue Risk Management System Should take into account both transient and cumulative fatigue Scientifically based, data driven ongoing adaptive process FRMS maintain required level of safety whilst allowing operational flexibility

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 45 The Concept - FRMS Essential components of the FRMS  A fatigue risk management policy  Education and awareness training programme  Processes for the detection, reporting and investigation of fatigue risk and incidents that may be attributable wholly or partially to fatigue  Processes for monitoring fatigue  Feedback mechanism within management system

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 46 The Concept - FRMS Fatigue Risk Management System for commercial operators Type, size and complexity of organisation Activities Elements

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 47 Flight times and duty periods An operator should ensure that flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements are established, implemented and maintained without prejudice to the standards set in Council Directive 2000/79/EC of 27 November 2000 concerning the European Agreement on the Organisation of Working Time of Mobile Workers in Civil Aviation

European Aviation Safety Agency Slide 48 Thank you for your attention