 Developed by OSHA  Universal precautions is an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens  Includes:  Hand-washing  Decontaminate all equipment and devices  Use & dispose of needles and sharps safely (avoid recapping, especially two-handed)  Wear protective items  Promptly clean up blood and body fluid spills  Use safe disposal systems for waste collection and disposal

 Developed by OSHA, Recommended by CDC  Should be applied to all pts. regardless of of their diagnosis or presumed infection status.  Standard precautions includes the use of: hand washing, appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, gowns, masks, whenever touching or exposure to patients' body fluids is anticipated.

 Personal Protective Equipment  Includes:  Gloves  Gown  Mask  N95 respirator  Eye protection

 Are a method or technique of caring for patients who have communicable diseases.  Communicable disease= easily transmitted pathogenic organisms.  Used in addition to standard precautions to provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens.

The type of isolation is determined by: The causative organism The way the organism is transmitted Whether or not the pathogen is antibiotic resistant. Four Main Classifications of precautions that must be followed: Standard, Airborne, Droplet and Contact

CONTAMINATEDCLEAN  Objects contains disease- producing organisms.  Must not be touched, unless the hcw is protected by gloves, gown, and other required items.  The outside and waist ties of gown, the gloves, and mask are considered contaminated.  Objects or parts of objects do not contain disease producing organisms, therefore min. chance of spreading the disease.

 Used for patients w/known or suspected infection with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. Examples: * Measles * Varicella (chicken pox) * Tuberculosis * Shingles

REQUIRES  Standard Precautions  Private room  Door must remained closed  Air must be filtered  Mask  If transporting pt, Pt must wear mask.

 Used for a pt know or suspected to be infected w/pathogens transmitted by large-particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking or laughing.  Examples:  Meningitis  Pneumonia  Pertusis  Flu

 Requires:  Standard Precautions  Private room  Mask must be worn w/in 3ft of pt. but strongly recommended when in room. * If pt transfer is required pt must wear mask

 Used w/Pts known or suspected to be infected w/pathogens that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact.  Examples: * E. Coli * Rotavirus * Conjunctivitis * Diphtheria * MRSA * Scabies

 Requires  Standard Precautions  Private room  Gloves  Gown  Disposable equipment (stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, thermometer)  Movement/Transport of pt should be for essential purpose only. Pt must wear gown

 Methods used to protect certain patients from organisms present in the environment.  Used for immunocompromised pt.  Also referred to as Neutropenic Precautions  Examples:  Transplant pt  Burn pt  Pt on Chemo

 Requires  Standard Precautions  Strict Hand-washing procedures  Mask  No live plants or Flowers  No fresh fruit ** Pt must wear mask when leaving the room

 46k 46k

 Donning: Donning: Doffing:

 What is a Communicable Disease?  A pathogenic organism that is easily transmitted to others.  Which type of isolation will you use for a patient that is receiving chemo?  Reverse isolation or Neutropenic precautions  What does the patient need to wear if they are on airborne precautions and need to go to CT?  Mask  What are you required to wear when you have a pt on contact precautions?  Gloves, gown if soiling is likely  What are standard precautions?  Rules developed by CDC.  Every body fluid should be considered a potentially infectious material and all pt must be considered potential source of infection.  Includes: hand-washing, gloves, gowns, mask, protective eyewear, extra care when handling sharps,  Must be followed at all times by all health care workers

 If a pt has chicken-pox which type of isolation do we use?  Airborne Precautions  What is the best way to prevent spread of pathogens when you have a pt on isolation?  Good Hand Hygiene  If a pt MRSA in a wound and is on contact precautions you do not need to wear gloves unless you are going to clean the wound?  False, everything in the room is considered contaminated.  There are no special considerations for men with facial hair when it comes to wearing masks for isolation precautions?  False, they need to use a special HEPA-Filtered hood because they can not achieve an airtight seal with a regular mask.  If a pt has C-Diff which type of isolation would we use? And what would we need to wear?  Contact  Gloves, Gown

WHICH TYPE OF ISOLATION WOULD WE USE:  Chicken pox  Airborne  Pneumonia  Droplet  Measles  Airborne  MRSA  Contact  C-diff  Contact  Meningitis  Droplet  Conjunctivitis  Contact  Influenza  Droplet  Tuberculosis  Airborne

 Complete Worksheet 13.8 and turn in before the end of the class period.