EnRoll NO. EnRoll NO Department: Computer Science & Engineering

WATER POLLUTION

Water Pollution occurs when energy and other materials are released into the water, contaminating the quality of it for other users.

Signs of polluted water  Bad taste of drinking water  Offensive odours form rivers, lake and oceans  Decrease in number of fish in fresh water and sea water  Oil & grease floating on the surface  Unchecked growth of aquatic weeds

 Depends on the intended use of the water which may be either human consumption or it may be for industries, power generation, reaction etc.  Different types of water use require different level of water purity.  Drinking water requires the highest standers of purity whereas water of relatively lower quality is acceptable for other purpose like agriculture, industry, hydroelectric power generation, reaction etc.. WATER QUALITY STANDARS

 Water which is fit or suitable for drinking purpose or which is not injurious to human health is called.  The potable water should have the following properties : 1. It should be colorless 2. It should be odorless 3. It should have good taste 4. It should not contain any harmful microorganisms or it should be safe microbiologically POTABLE WATER OR, WHOLE SOME WATER :

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS CRITERIA  Quality of water can be divide in to  Physical  Chemical  Microbiological

CHEMICAL PARAMETERS INCLUDES (A) Turbidity (B) Colour (C) Taste (D) Temperature PHYSICAL PARAMETERS INCLUDES (A) Solids (suspended, dissolved, volatile) (B) Hardness (C) Chlorides (D) pH (E) Dissolved gases like Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulphide (F) Nitrogen compounds like Nitrites, Nitrates, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Albuminoid Nitrogen (G) Metals and other inorganic substances like Fluoride, Iron & Manganese, Lead, Arsenic, Iodides, Boron Cadmium

MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS  Included various microorganisms(bacteria, virus, protozoa, worms) present in water it may be pathogenic or non pathogenic.  The agencies playing an important role in specifying the norms for various effluents to be discharged in the water bodies as well as for drinking water are : 1. Indian Standards Institution (ISI) 2. World Health Organization (WHO) 3. United States Public Health Service (USPHS) 4. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION  Sources of water pollution can be classified as A. Point sources : Those sources which can be identified as a single location are called point sources Example of point sources are, industrial effluents, power plants, sewage, discharge etc. B. Non point sources which are also called as area or diffused sources : The discharge from this sources is not at any particular site, rather these sources are scattered, which individually or collectively pollute the water.

MAJOR SOURCE OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION ARE 1. Sewage: discharge of sewers and drains. 2. Industrial effluents from different industries 3. Synthetic detergents used for washing and cleaning 4. Agro chemical like fertilizer containing nitrates and phosphates and pesticides used in the agricultural fields which comes in the runoff the agricultural land 5. Oil spillage during and shipment 6. Waste heat from industrial discharge increases the temperature of the water bodies.  Major Sources of ground water pollution are septic tanks, deep well injection of industrial effluents, mines etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF WATER POLLUTANTS A. Suspended matter B. Natural organic pollutants (sewage and effluents form some industries like dairy, food processing etc.). They are also called as oxygen demanding waste C. Synthetic organic compounds (Detergents, fertilizers,pesticides ) D. Pathogens (Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Worms ) E. Inorganic pollutants (acid, alkalis, metals) F. Thermal pollutants or thermal discharge G. Radioactive pollutants H. Sediments

EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT  Toxic water  Thermal heating  Our sources of water

EFFECTS ON HUMANS  Diseases caused by:  Drinking contaminated water  Swimming in polluted water  Contact with chemically polluted water

EFFECTS ON ANIMALS  200 turtles in Australia’s surround waters die each year  Birds and mammals become coated with oil

EFFECTS ON ANIMALS

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Turn off running water

Fertilize correctly

Participate in a clean up

Join a special society devoted to the prevention of water pollution

Spread awareness

REFERENCE : (all images)

THANK YOU!!!