Rocks & Minerals

Minerals are the ingredients of rocks like ingredients make up a cake

What is a Rock? A rock is a group of minerals bound together 3 types of rocks: Classified by how they form –Igneous –Sedimentary –Metamorphic

Most sedimentary rocks are made of pieces of other rocks called.

Sedimentary rocks Form through the compacting and cementing of layers of sediments

In what type of environment are most sedimentary rocks formed?

Sediments are deposited as Clear layering of sediments

the remains of once-living organisms

Formed from fragments of other rock Come from the weathering of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks Formation begins with the movement and relocation of the fragments Larger pebbles and gravels are often the first to drop and settle when moved by water. Clastic Rocks

Key Identifying Features of Sedimentary Rocks pieces of other rocks

Examples of Clastic Rocks Conglomerates: Coarse grained clastic sedimentary rock made of round gravel sized particles. Breccia: Coarse grained clastic sedimentary rocks with angular particles

Examples of Clastic Rocks Sandstone: Made of rough, gritty, and durable sand sediments Shale: Made of fine grained silts and clays

Non Clastic Rocks Chemical Sedimentary: Chemical sedimentary rocks: Rocks formed from when when minerals dissolved in seas, lakes, and swamps precipitate out of the solution. – Examples: Rock salt in salt beds, gypsum, and some limestone in caves

Examples of Non Clastic Rocks Biochemical/ Organic Sedimentary: Rocks formed from sediments consisting of the remains of once living plants and animals – Examples: Coal: Plant remains Coquina: When organisms die in ocean and their shell remains pile up Some limestone: Formed from the accumulation remains of sea organisms like coral on the bottom of shallow water environments

Igneous Rocks

How are igneous rocks classified?

How are igneous rocks formed?

Name two places where igneous rocks form

Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks contains Fe and Mg, and has low Si content. Dark in color Contains high Si and are light in color

Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks

What determines crystal size?

What’s the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?

form on or near the surface from lava (small crystals) forms below the Surface from magma (large crystals)

Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Metamorphic Rocks Formed from pre-existing rocks called parent rocks

Metamorphic Rocks parent rock’s structure changes because of extreme heat and pressure

MELTING DOES NOT OCCUR!

**Note the pressure to make metamorphic rocks is much more pressure than the slight pressure involved in compaction of sedimentary rocks. A sedimentary rock will become metamorphic if the heat and pressure get high enough** Metamorphic Heat and Pressure

Metamorphic Rocks parent rock’s structure changes because of extreme heat and pressure –Comes from Earth’s internal heat –Overlying rock –Deformation of rocks from mountain building

Rock Cycle

What is the difference between Regional and Contact Metamorphism?

Large geographic area Example: where mountains form

small geographic area Example: when rocks come in contact with magma

Key Identifying Features of Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rock Descriptions Foliation: The tendency of a rock to form bands of minerals or split along parallel layers The properties of metamorphic rocks depend on the parent rock

Dark Red Color Shiny, flaky

Examples Parent Rock  Metamorphic Rocks Sandstone  Quartzite Limestone  Marble Shale  Slate Granite  Gneiss