Bones + Muscles + Movement = Life YOU DO THE MATH! Year 11 Physical Education: Anatomy, Biomechanics & Physiology

Answer the following – NO TALKING 1.Movement at the Knee? 2.Agonist for movement 1? 3.Antagonist for movement 1? 4.Movement of the foot (movement 2)? 5.Agonist for movement 2. 6.Antagonist for movement 2? 7.Movement at the shoulder (movement 3) 8.Agonist for movement 3? 9.Antagonist for movement 3? 1. Movement occurring at the knee? 2. Movement occurring at the foot? 3. Movement occurring at the shoulder

Page 129 Fill in “ What I think it means” You have 10 minutes only!!! If you don’t know something, have a go anyway At the end of the unit we will come back and see how much you have learnt!! Biomechanics Lingo

Biomechanics is the study of forces and how your body moves BIOMECHANICS

A force is a push or pull. A force can cause…. a body at rest to move a moving body to slow down a moving body to stop a change of direction an increase in speed What is a Force?

Any movement is called motion (general, linear and angular) When a body changes its position relative to a fixed point it is said to be in motion. MOTION

a)Occurs in a straight line by a person or object b)For example, jumping in the air to catch a ball, skiing LINEAR MOTION

a)Movement that occurs around an axis b)The axis can be internal (e.g. body parts rotating around a joint – ice skater pirouette, forward roll) OR external (e.g. holding onto something outside the body – spinning a ball on your finger, gymnast rotating round a horizontal bar). ANGULAR MOTION

a)A combination of linear and angular movement b)Most common of all movements (e.g. swimming – arms are rotating around the shoulder and the rest of the body is moving in a line, Cycling, running). GENERAL MOTION

Mass : the amount of substance in a body (measure in kilograms) Gravity: the pull of the earth Force: a force is a push or a pull (measured in newtons) External: outside, not from within the body Stability: Maintaining balance, affected by COG, BOS & LOG LINGO

‘The centre point of a body’s mass. The point at which all parts of an object are equally balanced’ For a normal human being standing upright, their COG lies around the BELLY BUTTON. This changes depending upon what position the body is in. For example, if the hands are stretched up in the air, the centre of mass will RISE slightly because part of the body’s mass has risen. CENTRE OF GRAVITY

Where is our centre of gravity? Its around our belly button Would it be the same for girls and guys? Think about how girls weight is distributed compared to boys weight.

However, COG is not always found within the body Eg. if you bend forwards (abdominal flexion) your COG moves forward Eg. If you lift one of your arms up (abduction) your COG moves up and out towards the side you lifted.

Lowering your COG will increase your stability. E.g bending your knees

‘Area within an objects point of contact with the ground’ The LARGER the area the base of support covers, the more stable an object will be. Pushing activity… volunteers BASE OF SUPPORT

‘An imaginary vertical line that passes through the centre of gravity’ Important when determining the stability of an object. If the LOG falls WITHIN the objects base of support (BOS) the object is relatively stable If the LOG falls OUTSIDE the objects base of support, the object is relatively unstable Partner activity: standing against the wall LINE OF GRAVITY

There are four points that you need to remember!! A WIDE base of support will increase stability If the line of gravity falls WITHIN the base of support, it will increase stability A LOW centre of gravity will increase stability. Lean into the oncoming force STABILITY SUMMARY

Which type of motion would a pirouette in ice-skating be? Freestyle swimming? Toboganning down a hill? List 3 ways a person can increase their stability QUICK QUIZ

Newton’s law of Inertia Newton’s law of Acceleration The law of action/reaction NEWTONS LAWS