1 Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents with Anaerobic Biochem® John S. Haselow Redox Tech, LLC Morrisville, NC

2 Redox Tech, LLC Founded in 1995 Provide turn-key in situ treatment with biological and chemical manipulation, both reduction and oxidation Hydraulic fracturing with Geoprobe Soil Blending with specialized equipment Offices in GA, IL, NC, RI and IL

3 CHEMISTRY Chemical Oxidation Chemical Reduction Aerobic Bioremediation Anaerobic Bioremediation Metals Stabilization

4

5 Reductive Dechlorination Products Sodium lactate Molasses Polylactates Cheese whey Soybean Oil Dairy wastewater Off-specification beer

6 Anaerobic Biochem (ABC)® Granted variance in the State of Florida Been applied in 11 States on over thirty sites Protected by US Patent 6,001,252 License agreement with Adventus for addition of zero valent iron Blended and distributed from Joliet IL Trademark recently approved

7 Anaerobic Biochem® Sodium lactate Ethyl lactate Fatty Acids Phosphate pH buffer Zero Valent Iron Vitamin B12

8 Anaerobic Biochem® Sodium lactate is added for a relatively inexpensive, safe metabolically available carbon source Ethyl lactate converts to ethanol and lactic acid through hydrolysis. Provides solvent effects for disperse non-aqueous phase liquids Fatty Acids provide long-term carbon source and inhibit methanogenesis

9 Anaerobic Biochem® Phosphate pH buffer provides biological micronutrient and stabilizes the pH around 8 s.u. Zero Valent Iron – added for chemical reduction and provides iron catalyst Vitamin B12 crucial vitamin needed for cell growth

10 Anaerobic Biochem® Has a viscosity similar to “sweet tea” All ingredients are generally recognized as safe Available in five gallon pails, 55 gallon drums, 330 gallon totes or tankers Does not require special handling or heating Has a long-term carbon source

11 Case Study #1 MacDill Air Force Base, SWMU #61 Side-by-side comparison of aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation Seventeen injection points on 10 foot centers Two thousand pounds of ABC® injected at twenty weight percent in April 2003 Completed with Earth Tech, Inc.

12 Injection Locations

13

14 Case Study #1 All target contaminants reduced to below regulatory limits and maintained below In same area, aerobic bioremediation did not address VC Full-scale has not yet been implemented

15 Case Study #2 MacDill Air Force Base, SWMU #25 Side-by-side comparison of aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation Ten injection points on 20 foot centers One thousand pounds injected Completed with Black & Veatch in November 2004

16 TCE 29 to ND, DCE 290 to 600 to 59, VC from 140 to 600 to 140 TCE 750 to ND, DCE 3300 to 370, VC from 380 to 1300 to 670

17 Case Study #2 Summary Volatile Fatty Acids still present at significant levels six months after injection Worked in limestone mud environment Saw classical decay events occur Full-scale is currently being planned

18 Case Study #3 Industrial Facility, Louisiana (pre-Katrina) Active pump-and-treat going for over a decade Iron fouling problem in air stripper Pilot test completed in April pounds of ABC® injected by consultant

19 Post Application Results

20 Case Study #3 Summary Can be used to drastically reduce long- term costs for pump-and-treat Can be used with existing P&T systems but there are always concerns with iron

21 Case Study #4 Side-by-Side comparison of sodium lactate and Anerobic Biochem® Both products were injected into 5 separate wells on the same site in same vicinity in April 2005 Comparable levels of contamination and area biogeochemistry

22 Results

23 Case Study #4 Anaerobic BioChem® produced better results than ordinary lactate Volatile Fatty Acids remained in the ABC well Injection of ABC at other area is planned

24 Conclusion Anaerobic BioChem is a cost-effective product for enhanced anaerobic bioremediation It has been used in multiple states and we have had no failures to date In some instances, we inject dehalococcoides with ABC