Polygenic Traits & Dihybrid Crosses

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Presentation transcript:

Polygenic Traits & Dihybrid Crosses

N11-Polygenic Traits and Dihybrid Crosses Polygenic Traits– when more than one gene is involved in a single trait Most Traits are Polygenic Eye color – Gene 1: B- Brown eyes, b- blue eyes Gene 2: G – Green eyes, g – blue eyes Phenotype Genotypes Brown BB gg; Bb gg; Hazel ** BB GG; BB Gg; Bb GG; Bb Gg Green bb GG; bb Gg Blue bb gg ** Brown is also dominant (incompletely) over green because the brown pigment is darker than the green pigment. Therefore Hazel Genotypes may show up as Brown eyes or Hazel eyes

N11-Polygenic Traits and Dihybrid Crosses How to Use a Punnet Square – Dihybrid Cross (Two Traits) Determine the code for the alleles of each gene Determine each of the four possible combinations of alleles for each parent – FOIL their Genotypes FOIL = First pair, Outside pair, Inside pair, Last pair Eye Color examples Bb Gg F- BG, O- Bg, I- bG, L- bg Bb GG F- BG, O- BG, I- bG, L- bG bb Gg F- bG, O- bg, I- bG, L- bg Use the square to combine the parent’s allele to determine the probability that the offspring will have brown, blue, green, or hazel eyes

N11 Continued 4. Dihybrid Cross Example – B- Brown Eyes G – Green Eyes b – Blue Eyes g – Blue Eyes Mom’s Genotype – BbGg : FOIL Mom – Dad’s Genotype – bbgg : FOIL Dad – BG, Bg, bG, bg bg, bg, bg, bg BG Bg bG bg

4. Dihybrid Cross Example – B- Brown Eyes G – Green Eyes When filling in the cross, write the alleles alphabetically then capital before lower case 4. Dihybrid Cross Example – B- Brown Eyes G – Green Eyes b – Blue Eyes g – Blue Eyes Mom’s Genotype – BbGg : FOIL Mom – BG, Bg, bG, bg Dad’s Genotype – bbgg : FOIL Dad – bg, bg, bg, bg BG Bg bG bg BbGg bbgg bg Bbgg bbGg BbGg bg Bbgg bbGg bbgg bg BbGg Bbgg bbGg bbgg Bbgg bbGg bbgg bg BbGg

4. Dihybrid Cross Example – B- Brown Eyes G – Green Eyes b – Blue Eyes g – Blue Eyes Mom’s Genotype – BbGg Dad’s Genotype – bbgg Offspring Phenotype Probability: Brown Eyes – Green Eyes – Hazel Eyes – Blue Eyes – 25% BG Bg bG bg BbGg bbgg bbGg Bbgg

5. Dihybrid Cross Practice – B- Brown Eyes G – Green Eyes b – Blue Eyes g – Blue Eyes Mom’s Genotype – BBGg Dad’s Genotype – Bbgg Offspring Phenotype Probability: Brown Eyes – Green Eyes – Hazel Eyes – Blue Eyes – 50% 0% BG BG Bg Bg BG BG Bg Bg BBGg BBGg BBgg Bg Bg BBgg BBgg BBgg BBGg BBGg BBGg Bg BBGg Bg BBgg BBgg BBGg BBGg BBgg BBgg bg bg BbGg BbGg Bbgg Bbgg BbGg BbGg Bbgg Bbgg Bbgg BbGg Bbgg bg BbGg Bbgg BbGg Bbgg bg BbGg