Microbiology Agustin Krisna Wardani

What is microbiology? Study of microscopic (living ) things  microorganism

The three-domain system is a biological classification introduced by Carl Woese in 1990

Size of microbes Bacteria: 1.0 – 0.5 x 1.0 – 10  m Fungi: 8.0 – 15 x 4.0 – 8  m Alga: 28 – 32 x 8.0 – 12  m Protozoa: 0.01 – 0.5 mm Virus: – 0.3  m (Human eye) can see 0.1 mm (1 x m)

Tools of Microbiology Light Microscope - live specimens - 1,000 x mag. or less Electron Microscope - non-living specimens - > 1,000 x mag.

Microscope Light microscope Electron microscope

Techniques of Microbiology Staining – to better see structures Microbial Culture - growing the microbe Container for microbe culture - usually Petri dish Culture media - Food for the microbes - E.g. Agar – (from red algae) - Others such as nutrient broths

Staining

Solid media

Liquid media

Scope of Microbiology Environmental Microbiology Industrial Microbiology Agricultural Microbiology Medical Microbiology Food Microbiology

What is the importance of studying microbiology?

Benefits Genetic engineering Synthesis of chemical products Recycling sewage Bioremediation: use microbes to remove toxins (oil spills) Use of microbes to control crop pests Manufacture of food and drink

Harmful effects Cause disease (basis for bioterrorism) Food spoilage Food poisoning Staphylococcus aureus Yersinia HIV Flu virus Listeria

History of Microbiology 1590 – First compound light microscope Zacharias Janssen

1674 –Van Leeuwenhoek discover microorganism

1796 – First vaccine (smallpox) Edward Jenner

1859 – disproved theory of Spontaneous generation Pure culture technique Louis Pasteur

1867 Antiseptic Surgery/techniques Joseph Lister

1876 – specific m.o cause specific diseases Pure culture technique Robert Koch

Vaccine against Rabies Louis Pasteur

1929 Discovery of Penicillin (first antibiotic) Alexander Fleming

1938 – First Electron Microscope The electron microscope is capable of magnifying biological specimens up to one million times. These computer enhanced images of 1. smallpox, 2. herpes simplex, and 3. mumps are magnified, respectively, 150,000, 150,000 and 90,000 times.

History 1953 Structure of DNA Revealed Watson & Crick

1954 Polio Vaccine Jonas Salk

Microbiology today Immunology  clinical application of immune reaction, diagnose disease. Virology  phage therapy Genetic engineering/ Recombinant DNA Tech.  improvement of microorganism

References: Introduction of Microbiology, Third Edition John L. Ingraham, Catherine A. Ingraham. Principles of Modern Microbiology Mark Wheelis.