1 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, 10-16 June, Crete, Greece Essential Question  Do recent measurements at RHIC & the LHC, give new insights.

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1 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Essential Question  Do recent measurements at RHIC & the LHC, give new insights for characterization of the QGP?

Characterization of the QGP produced in RHIC and LHC collisions requires I. Development of experimental constraints to map the topological, thermodynamic and transport coefficients II. Development of quantitative model descriptions of these properties QGP Characterization? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece 2 Experimental Access: Temp/time-averaged constraints as a function of √s NN (with similar expansion dynamics) (I) Expect space-time averages to evolve with √s NN (II)

3Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece RHIC (0.2 TeV)  LHC (2.76 TeV)  Power law dependence (n ~ 0.2)  increase ~ 3.3  Multiplicity density increase ~ 2.3   increase ~ 30% Take home message: The scaling properties of flow and Jet quenching measurements give crucial new insights M. Malek, CIPANP 2012 The LHC energy density lever arm Lacey et. al, Phys.Rev.Lett.98:092301,2007 Essential questions:  How do the transport coefficients evolve with T?  Any indications for sizeable changes close to T o ?

The Flow Probe 4 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Idealized Geometry Control parameters Actual collision profiles are not smooth, due to fluctuations! Initial Geometry characterized by many shape harmonics (ε n )  drive v n Initial eccentricity (and its attendant fluctuations) ε n drive momentum anisotropy v n with specific scaling properties Acoustic viscous modulation of v n Staig & Shuryak arXiv:

A few insights from the scaling patterns of flow Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece5 Flow is dominantly partonic, is sensitive to the harder EOS sampled in LHC collisions is acoustic  viscous damping follows dispersion relation for sound propagation  important constraint for and its Temp. dependence  These reflect characteristic scaling patterns which are experimentally validated

6 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece For partonic flow, quark number scaling expected  single curve for identified particle species v n Is flow partonic? Note species dependence for all v n

KE T & scaling validated for v n  Partonic flow 7 v n PID scaling STAR Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Flow is RHIC

8Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Flow is the LHC Scaling for partonic flow validated after accounting for proton blueshift  Proton flow blueshifted [hydrodynamic prediction] Sensitivity to harder EOS Role of radial flow Role of hadronic re-scattering?

Is hydrodynamic flow acoustic? Characteristic n 2 viscous damping for harmonics  Crucial constraint for η/s 9 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Note: the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry [alone] is included ε n drive momentum anisotropy v n with modulation Modulation  Acoustic Initial Geometry characterized by many shape harmonics (ε n )  drive v n

ATLAS-CONF High precision double differential Measurements are pervasive Do they scale? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece v n (ψ n ) Measurements - ATLAS

Flow is acoustic Characteristic viscous damping of the harmonics validated  Constraint for β  η/s estimates at RHIC & LHC Deformation 11 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece LHCRHIC

12 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Acoustic Scaling β is essentially independent of centrality for a broad centrality range

13 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Acoustic Scaling β scales as 1/√p T single universal curve for v n

Constraint for η/s & δf Deformation 14 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Characteristic p T dependence of β  Additional constraint for δf and η/s comparable at LHC and RHIC

Scaling properties of Jet Quenching Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece15

Jet quenching Probe Color charge scattering centers Range of Color Force Scattering Power Of Medium Density of Scattering centers Obtain via R AA measurements Radiative: Jet quenching drives R AA & high-pT azimuthal anisotropy with specific scaling properties 16 Gyulassy, Wang, Müller, … Control parameters Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Suppression for ∆L Radiativ E-loss

17 Geometric Quantities for scaling A B  Geometric fluctuations included  Geometric quantities constrained by multiplicity density. Phys. Rev. C 81, (R) (2010) Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece arXiv: σ x & σ y  RMS widths of density distribution

R AA Measurements - CMS Specific p T and centrality dependencies – Do they scale? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece18 Eur. Phys. J. C (2012) 72:1945 arXiv: Centrality dependence p T dependence

Scaling of Jet Quenching R AA scales with L, slopes (S L ) encodes info on α s and q Compatible with the dominance of radiative energy loss Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece19 arXiv: ˆ, Phys.Lett.B519: ,2001

R AA scales as 1/√p T ; slopes (S pT ) encode info on α s and q L and 1/√p T scaling  single universal curve Compatible with the dominance of radiative energy loss Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece20 arXiv: Scaling of Jet Quenching ˆ, Phys.Lett.B519: ,2001

High-pT v 2 measurements - CMS Specific p T and centrality dependencies – Do they scale? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece21 arXiv: p T dependence Centrality dependence

Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece22 Scaling of high-pT v 2 v 2 follows the p T dependence observed for jet quenching Note the expected inversion of the 1/√p T dependence arXiv: R AA vs. p T

Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece23 ∆L Scaling of high-pT v 2 Combined ∆L and 1/√p T scaling  single universal curve for v 2 arXiv:

Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece24 Jet suppression from high-pT v 2 Jet suppression obtained directly from v 2 arXiv: R v2 scales as 1/√p T, slopes encodes info on α s and q ˆ

Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece25 Extracted stopping power Phys.Rev.C80:051901,2009  obtained from high-pT v 2 and R AA [same α s ]  similar  - medium produced in LHC collisions less opaque! arXiv: arXiv: Conclusion similar to those of Liao, Betz, Horowitz,  Stronger coupling near T c ? q RHIC > q LHC ˆ q LHC ˆ

Remarkable scaling have been observed for both Flow and Jet Quenching They lend profound mechanistic insights, as well as New constraints for estimates of the transport and thermodynamic coefficients! 26  R AA and high-pT azimuthal anisotropy stem from the same energy loss mechanism  Energy loss is dominantly radiative  R AA and anisotropy measurements give consistent estimates for ~ 0.6 GeV 2 /fm  The QGP created in RHIC collisions is less opaque than that produced at the LHC  Flow is acoustic Flow is pressure driven Obeys the dispersion relation for sound propagation  Flow is partonic exhibits scaling  Constraints for: initial geometry comparable at LHC and RHIC ~ 1/4π actual temp dependence coming soon What do we learn? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Summary

End 27 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece

28Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece  Detailed mechanistic understanding?  Quantitative values (including T/t dependence)?  Evidence for change in coupling strength close to T c ?  ε, α s, δf, etc. Unsettled Issues GLV Transport coefficient estimates – 2009 !!Much work to be done!! Lacey et. al, Phys.Rev.Lett.98:092301,2007

v 4 (ψ 4 ) ~ 2v 4 (ψ 2 ) 29 Phys.Rev.Lett. 107 (2011) (arXiv: ) v n Measurements - PHENIX v n (ψ n ) Measurements - PHENIX High precision double differential Measurements are pervasive Do they scale? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece

Decoupling the Interplay between ε n and η/s 30 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece v 3 breaks the ambiguity between MC-KLN vs. MC-Glauber initial conditions and η/s, because of the n 2 dependence of viscous corrections

Similar scaling observed at the LHC 31 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University; ICFP 2012, June, Crete, Greece Scaling for partonic flow validated for v n Constraints for ε n Flow is partonic