A House Could Be Destroyed

1. Land is washed away by the floods. 2. Trees and houses are moved by landslides (mud slides). 3. Houses are burned down by fires. 4. Buildings are knocked down by earthquakes. 5. Farms are filled with water. 2

Many people spend all their lives working hard to own a house. However, a house could be destroyed in seconds by a typhoon or an earthquake. * Life 生命、一生  lives (pl.) * to own a house: 為了擁有一間房子 * however: adv. 轉折詞  相反的狀態 He always felt sick, however, he went to school every day. ( To be continued.) 3

* in seconds: 幾秒鐘之內、 瞬間、 頃刻間  in a moment * … a house could be destroyed by a typhoon… 1. destroy: 毀壞無生命事物 kill : 讓生命體死亡 2. be destroyed : 被毀壞 --- 表 ” 被動 “ 3. by : 被 … 4. 被動 : 4 V  be + p.p. 房子被 … 損壞。

Typhoons can be very dangerous. Each year, Taiwan is hit by several typhoons. A typhoon can bring a lot of rain and strong winds. Both of them can cause serious damage. 1. Taiwan is hit by several typhoons. 2. a lot of rain and strong wind: 大雨強風 3. cause (do) damage: 造成災害 damage-- 不可數 N 5 is hit by …: 被 … 侵襲 (hit-hit-hit) them: rain & winds

Trees and signs can be blown down, roads may be washed away, and bridges can be damaged. Sometimes people even lose their lives. ( 背熟 !) 1. blow down: 吹倒 (blow-blew-blown) wash away: 沖走 2. 被動 : 6 am, is, are + p.p. was, were am, is, are + p.p. was, were can, may + be +p.p. ( 助動詞 ) can, may + be +p.p. ( 助動詞 )

Earthquakes can do a lot of damage, too. On September 21, 1999, a strong earthquake shook Taiwan. Many schools and houses were knocked down, and more than 2,000 people were killed. 7 造成很大的損害 ( 主動語氣 ) 1. 地震撼動台灣 ( 主動語氣 ) 2. shake-shook-shaken 1. 地震撼動台灣 ( 主動語氣 ) 2. shake-shook-shaken 1. 房子被震倒 ( 被動語氣 ) 2.knock down: 擊倒、撞倒、拆毀 1. 房子被震倒 ( 被動語氣 ) 2.knock down: 擊倒、撞倒、拆毀 超過兩千人喪命 ( 被動語氣 )

This was one of Taiwan’s worst earthquakes. We can’t stop typhoons and earthquakes from happening, but we can take action to protect ourselves. 1. stop … from… : 阻止 …( 免於 …) from  介系詞 + N / Ving 2. take action to + Vroot : 採取行動做 … We should take action to save our earth. 8 The novel is one of the most popular ones.

For example, bring pot plants inside and stay in the house during a typhoon. When an earthquake hits, stay away from windows and watch out for falling objects. If we are well prepared, we can reduce the damage. An earthquake hits. Taiwan is hit by an earthquake. 9 1.bring … inside: 拿 … 進來 2.during a typhoon: 颱風來襲的這段時間 To be continued. ( 主動語氣 )

1. stay away from A : 遠離 A 2. watch out, be careful : 小心 watch out for 人 / 事 : 小心注意 … Watch out for cars when you cross a street. 3. be (well) prepared : 已做好準備的 prepared : adj. 準備好的 Kelly will be prepared for the exam. 10

1. Several concerts ___ every month. (A. hold B. is held C. are held D. held) 2. Judy ____ her cake last Friday. (A. has made B. made C. was made ) 3. The house ___ sixty years ago. (A. built B. build C. has built D. was built) 4. The trees were cut off ___ the wind. (A. by B. on C. at D. from) 5. The cat ___ my fingers. They hurt. (A. was bitten B. bit C. bitten D. bite ) 11 CBDAB

P: Did you feel the earthquake last night? K: Yes, I did. I was woken up by the earthquake. P: The good news is that the earthquake didn’t cause too much damage. 1. wake up : 叫醒 (wake- woke- woken) I was woken up by…: 我被 … 叫醒 ( 被動 ) 2. that 引導 N 子句補充說明 news 的內容。 that 可省略。 12

K: Yeah, but I was really scared because it made me think of the 921 earthquake. P: I think people in Taiwan will never forget that day. 13 I was scared of the earthquake. make me think of : 讓我想 到 I think that people… N 子句 台灣人 in Taiwan  adj.

K: Not me for sure. Our house was destroyed in that earthquake. P: I’m sorry to hear that. K: It’s OK. It’s all over now. In fact, we were lucky that nobody in our family was hurt. 1. Not me for sure. 我一定不會。 2. It’s all over now. 現在一切都結束了。 3. Nobody was (got) hurt. nobody, anybody, somebody : 單數 4. that 引導子句說明 lucky 的原因。 14 被損毀 ( 被動 )

Also, we got a lot of help from others. Food, sleeping bags, and blankets were sent to us soon after the earthquake. 15 從別人那裏得到很多幫忙 others = other people 1. send- sent- sent ； sent to : 送給 … were sent: 被動 2. soon after: 在 … 之後不久

P: I guess sometimes bad things can bring out the best in people. K: That’s true. We should always do our best to help others when they are in need. 16 人最好的一面 I guess (that) sometimes… 誘發 / 發揮 盡全力 / 盡我們所能地

 通常用來表示施做動作的人或物不清楚或不 重要的情形。  在被動句中，主詞為動詞的 “ 接受者 ” 。  動詞型式 : Be-V + P.P.  Math is taught in every junior high school.  The glass is broken by the waiter. 17

 主動式 : 動詞表示主詞所作的動作 ( 主詞是動作的執行者 ) Somebody built the house in  被動式 : 動詞表示發生於主詞的事情 主詞通常是事, 物, 不會產生動作而 是動作的接收者 The house was built in

 ( 主動 ) Ms. Rowling writes “ Harry Potter ”.  ( 被動 ) “ Harry Potter ” is written by Ms. Rowling. 19

Typhoons hit Taiwan every year.  主動式 : S + V + O S + Be-V + p.p. + by + O  被動式 : S + Be-V + p.p. + by + O Taiwan is hit by typhoons every. year.

1. Peter broke the windows.  The windows were broken by Peter. 2. Judy decorates the room.  The room is decorated by Judy.

3. The dog bit me yesterday.  I was bitten by the dog yesterday.  被動式千萬不要弄錯主詞喔 ! The dog was bitten by me. 驚死人喔 ? 這是真的嗎 !? 22

1. 通常被動式是用來表示做動作的人或物 不清楚或不重要的狀況 : English is spoken in many countries. 2. 若要指明做動作的人或物, 則用 by + 人 / 物 表示 The house was built by my father.  My father built the house. 23

下面哪些是主動句 ? 哪些是被動句 ? 1. The girl ’ s work is done by her every day. 2. A ball hit me this morning. 3. The girl does her work every day. 4. I was hit by a ball this morning. 5. He is given a book. 24

3. by + O 有時是可以省略的 :  主動句的主詞不明, 未指明是某人, 或泛指  一般人, 大家, 每個人  people, we, you, they, one, someone, somebody  Rice is grown in Taiwan (by people).  My wallet was stolen (by someone). 25

 The cats are fed by the kind woman.  The bridge was destroyed by the typhoon. 26 S + am, is, are was, were + p.p. ( +by- O.)

 The song is sung by many students.  Many students sing the song. 想一想下列句子 :  The man caught the thief.  Who caught the thief?  Who was caught (by the man)? ( 疑問詞當主詞  單數 )  The thief was. 27

2. My brother feeds the fish every morning.  The fish are fed by my brother every morning. 3. People around the world speak English.  English is spoken by people around the world. 28

4. The dog was saved by the little girl. 5. The teacher asked them (to clean the classroom.)  They were asked to clean the classroom by the teacher. 29 S O

6. The girl didn’t open the gift.  The gift wasn’t opened by the girl. 7. The dangerous building was knocked down by the workers. 30 否定過去式

 英文也要用加法 ~  The party will be held tonight. 31 助動詞 + V-root Be- V + p.p. ( 被動式 ) + _________________________ = 助動詞 + be + p.p.

be + p.p. Mary will take out the trash.  The trash will be taken out by Mary. 32 can, could, will, would, may, might, must, should

2. The elevator won’t be fixed today. 3. The old man should be sent to the hospital right away. 4. The box must be carried carefully. 5. The baby might be woken up by the phone. 33

1. Should your homework ___ in tomorrow? (A. hand B. handing C. is handed D. be handed ) 2. The bad man ___ by the police officer. (A. be stopped B. can stop C. wasn’t stopped D. stopped) 3. The new magazine ___ in the bookstore. (A. could find B. could be found C. be found D. is finding) 4. Joe ____ a new magazine. (A. was bought B. have to buy C. bought) 34 D,C,B,C

1. The book ____ by a lot of students. (A. has read B. be read C. was read D. reads ) *2. The letters _____ by Jessie for five years. (A. has written B. wrote C. were written D. have been written) 3. The man ________________ (not play) the song yet. 4. Joe can __________ (catch) the ball easily. 35 catch C,D

功 力 更上層樓

部分動詞因為不必接受詞, 所以 沒有被動句 : 連綴動詞 (become, get, feel, Be-V), become ( 變成 ), have ( 有 ), fall ( 跌倒 ), happen,… 37

不用介係詞 by 的被動句 : 1. Mike is interested in playing baseball. 2. The students were surprised at the bad news. 3. The roof is covered with snow. 38

 A: Who cleaned the kitchen?  B: Nana cleaned the kitchen.  The kitchen was cleaned by Nana.  By whom was the kitchen cleaned? 39 by + 受格 ; who(S), whom(O)

1. What did your mom buy ?  She bought some dresses.  Some dresses were bought by  her.  What was bought by her? 40 疑問詞當主詞  單數