The Urinary System Maintenance Systems Unit 7

URINARY SYSTEM By the end of the unit, students will be able to:By the end of the unit, students will be able to: Describe the basic functions of the urinary system: maintain the volume and composition of body fluids and clear the body of wastes Describe the basic functions of the urinary system: maintain the volume and composition of body fluids and clear the body of wastes Identify the basic organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Identify the basic organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Compare and contrast the diseases and disorders of the urinary system: kidney stone, kidney failure, and cystitis Compare and contrast the diseases and disorders of the urinary system: kidney stone, kidney failure, and cystitis Recognize levels of education, credentialing requirements, employment opportunities, workplace environments, and career growth potential for the following careers relating to the urinary system: urologist, dialysis technician, medical lab technician, and medical assistant Recognize levels of education, credentialing requirements, employment opportunities, workplace environments, and career growth potential for the following careers relating to the urinary system: urologist, dialysis technician, medical lab technician, and medical assistant.

Vocabulary Dialysis – artificial method of cleansing blood when kidney’s fail Dysuria- difficult or painful urination Lithotripsy – procedure where stones are crushed in order to allow passage through urinary system. Benign – not dangerous to health Metastasis – spreading of a disease retro- behind - cysto- bladder ren- kidney- trans- across uro- urine -ante - before Tripsy – surgical crushing

The Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys (2)Kidneys (2) Ureters (2)Ureters (2) BladderBladder UrethraUrethra

Basic Functions of the Urinary System Regulates the composition and volume of the blood.Regulates the composition and volume of the blood. Made up of 1,250,000 Nephrons (filters) that:Made up of 1,250,000 Nephrons (filters) that: 1. remove nitrogen wastes, 2. water 3. salts 4. returns necessary fluids back into the blood.

Kidneys The kidneys are paired organs found laterally to the spinal canal in the upper left and right quadrants.The kidneys are paired organs found laterally to the spinal canal in the upper left and right quadrants. Their main function is to produce urine.Their main function is to produce urine.

Kidney

The Ureters The ureters are long, slender tubes which extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.The ureters are long, slender tubes which extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Their main function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.Their main function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The Urinary Bladder A sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavity.A sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavity. Its main function is to hold urine.Its main function is to hold urine.

The Urethra A small tube (about 2 inches in the female and 8 inches in males) which transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.A small tube (about 2 inches in the female and 8 inches in males) which transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Structure of a Nephron Working individually or in pairs, Students will work together to draw a diagram of a nephron. Use page 403 in the orange book or page 37 in the coloring book. Use page 403 in the orange book or page 37 in the coloring book.

Structure of a nephron

Functions of a nephron Bowman’s capsule – double walled hollow capsule that receives the afferent arteriole.Bowman’s capsule – double walled hollow capsule that receives the afferent arteriole. Glomerulus – tubular filtration of water, glucose, amino acids, salts and urea pass through.Glomerulus – tubular filtration of water, glucose, amino acids, salts and urea pass through. Loop of Henle –Loop of Henle – –Descending loop- tubular reabsorption includes water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, bicarbonates, Ca, Mg, Na and K. –Ascending loop – Tubular secretion includes ammonia, creatinin, hydrogen, potassium, and some drugs.

Formation of Urine Students are divided in pairs.Students are divided in pairs. Each pair will study one of the three processes in the formation of urine.Each pair will study one of the three processes in the formation of urine. –Filtration –Reabsorption –Secretion Students will then switch groups and teach the other students about their process in the formation of urine.Students will then switch groups and teach the other students about their process in the formation of urine.

Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

Kidney Stones Kidney stones are hard masses developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract.Kidney stones are hard masses developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract. Usually, the first symptom of a kidney stone is extreme pain, which begins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract and blocks the flow of urine.Usually, the first symptom of a kidney stone is extreme pain, which begins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract and blocks the flow of urine.

Kidney Stones continued Typically, a person feels a sharp, cramping pain in the back and side in the area of the kidney or in the lower abdomen. Sometimes nausea and vomiting occur.Typically, a person feels a sharp, cramping pain in the back and side in the area of the kidney or in the lower abdomen. Sometimes nausea and vomiting occur. Later, pain may spread to the groin. Predisposing factors for kidney stones include dehydration, infection, obstruction, and genetics.Later, pain may spread to the groin. Predisposing factors for kidney stones include dehydration, infection, obstruction, and genetics. Treatment includes medication to relieve the pain, forcing fluids, and sometimes surgical intervention such as lithotripsy.Treatment includes medication to relieve the pain, forcing fluids, and sometimes surgical intervention such as lithotripsy.

Kidney Failure Kidney failure is the loss of the kidney’s ability to perform their main function — eliminate excess fluid and waste material from the blood.Kidney failure is the loss of the kidney’s ability to perform their main function — eliminate excess fluid and waste material from the blood. When the kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of fluid and waste accumulate in the body.When the kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of fluid and waste accumulate in the body. Signs and symptoms include decreased urine output, fluid retention, drowsiness, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, seizures or coma in severe cases.Signs and symptoms include decreased urine output, fluid retention, drowsiness, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, seizures or coma in severe cases. Treatment includes a modified diet, IV fluids, and dialysis until kidney function returns to normal.Treatment includes a modified diet, IV fluids, and dialysis until kidney function returns to normal.

Cystitis Cystitis is the inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria.Cystitis is the inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria. It is more common in women.It is more common in women. Signs and symptoms of cystitis include urgency, frequency, burning upon urination, dysuria, and possible urethral discharge.Signs and symptoms of cystitis include urgency, frequency, burning upon urination, dysuria, and possible urethral discharge. It is treated with antibiotics.It is treated with antibiotics.

Careers Urologist - focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males.Urologist - focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. –Schooling is more then 12 years and –salary averages above $90,000/year

Dialysis Technician -operate machines that remove waste and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys can no longer carry out those functions.Dialysis Technician -operate machines that remove waste and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys can no longer carry out those functions. –Schooling is usually done in a technical school lasting 6-12 months – salary averages about $30,000/year

Medical Lab Technician -also called clinical laboratory technicians, perform routine laboratory procedures on blood, tissue, and other bodily fluids using instruments such as microscopes, chemicals, computers, and complex laboratory equipment.Medical Lab Technician -also called clinical laboratory technicians, perform routine laboratory procedures on blood, tissue, and other bodily fluids using instruments such as microscopes, chemicals, computers, and complex laboratory equipment. –Schooling is usually a two year degree from an accredited institution with average –salary ranging from $30,000 - $60,000/year

Medical Assistant - perform many administrative duties, including answering telephones, greeting patients, updating and filing patients’ medical records, filling out insurance forms. While clinical duties include taking medical histories and recording vital signs, explaining treatment procedures to patients, preparing patients for examination, and assisting the physician during the examination.Medical Assistant - perform many administrative duties, including answering telephones, greeting patients, updating and filing patients’ medical records, filling out insurance forms. While clinical duties include taking medical histories and recording vital signs, explaining treatment procedures to patients, preparing patients for examination, and assisting the physician during the examination. –Schooling ranges from 6-12 months –salary averages below $30,000/year