Manoa Elementary School Amanda Cronauer Faculty Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth 14 April 2010.

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Presentation transcript:

Manoa Elementary School Amanda Cronauer Faculty Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth 14 April 2010

 Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Presentation Overview Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010

 Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Project Background Project Information: Project Size: 85,355 sf Location: Havertown, PA Cost: $21.2 million Stories: Classroom [3], Administration [1] Construction Dates: May 2007-November 2008 Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010 Project Team: Owner: Haverford School District Architect: McKissick Associates Architects General Contractor: John S. McManus, Inc. Structural Engineer: Baker Ingram & Associates, Inc. MEP Engineer: H.F. Lenz Company

Building Layout Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Building Layout Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Building Layout Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Building Layout Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Building Layout Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Building Layout Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Existing Mechanical System Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010 Third Floor Second Floor FirstFloor AHU-1AHU-2 Classroom Wing:  [2] Rooftop Variable Air Volume Units  Direct Expansion Cooling  Hot Water Perimeter Heating  Energy Recovery Ventilators  [2] Air Cooled Condensing Units Administration Wing:  Rooftop VAV Unit with Energy Recovery Ventilator [AHU-3]  [2] Rooftop Constant Volume Units  Direct Expansion Cooling  Hot Water Heating  [3] Air Cooled Condensing Units AHU-3 AHU-4 AHU-5  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

Design Objectives Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Improve System Performance  Energy Consumption  Emissions  Total System Cost  Comparison of Proposed System Performance

Alternatives Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Ground Source Heat Pumps: [+] Decentralized System [+] Higher System Efficiencies [+] Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions [-] Increased Construction Costs [-] Impact of Loop on Ecosystem Air Source Heat Pumps: [+] Decentralized System [+] Higher System Efficiencies [+] Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions [+] No Extensive Excavation [-] Utilizes Electricity Dedicated Outdoor Air: [+] Reduce Load on Heat Pumps [+] Smaller [-] Utilizes Electricity

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Systems to be Replaced:  Series Fan Powered Boxes  Heat Pump  Rooftop Air Handling Units  Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Assumptions:  Zoning  Heat Pumps  DOAS Units  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Loop Sizing:  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Loop Sizing:  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Loop Sizing:  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Goals:  Meet Mechanical Load  Minimize Construction Cost  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Assumptions:  Piping  1” High Density Polyethylene [HDPE]  $0.53 per linear foot  40 foot lengths  $4.79 per weld  $40.25 per day for welding machine  Grout  Constant Price of $5,937 regardless  Miscellaneous Site Costs  Specified by Number of Boreholes  Borehole Driller  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Results:  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Results:  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Results:  [115] Boreholes  [218] feet per borehole  $86,889 Total Installed Cost  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results 25% Reduction = 7 /19 LEED Points [EA Credit 1]

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Simple Payback Period: Redesign: [67] Heat Pumps= $420,050 [5] DOAS Units= $82,042 Vertical Loop= $86,889 Utility=$94,129 Design:  [5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000  [5] ACCU’s= $12,000  Utility= $112,893 Simple Payback Period: years

Vertical Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Simple Payback Period: Redesign: [67] Heat Pumps= $420,050 [5] DOAS Units= $82,042 Vertical Loop= $86,889 Ductwork= $74,531 Utility= $94,129 Design:  [5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000  [5] ACCU’s= $12,000  Utility= $112,893  Ductwork= $319,850 Simple Payback Period: 1.2 years

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Systems to be Replaced:  Series Fan Powered Boxes  Heat Pump  Rooftop Air Handling Units  Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Assumptions:  Zoning  Heat Pumps  DOAS Units

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Assumptions:  Sizing Method Applicable  Horizontal, 6-Pipe Coil  Ground Temperature

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Results: [150] foot per ton loop recommended [17,925] feet of length required

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results 12% Reduction = 1 /19 LEED Point [EA Credit 1]

Horizontal Loop Analysis Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Vertical Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Loop Optimization [Construction Management Breadth]  Results  Horizontal Loop Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Loop Sizing  Results Simple Payback Period: Redesign: [67] Heat Pumps= $420,050 [5] DOAS Units= $82,042 Horizontal Loop= $76,898 Ductwork= $74,531 Utility= $109,764 Design:  [5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000  [5] ACCU’s= $12,000  Utility= $112,893  Ductwork= $319,850 Simple Payback Period: 0.95 years

Air Source Heat Pumps Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Results Systems to be Replaced:  Series Fan Powered Boxes  Heat Pump  Rooftop Air Handling Units  Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit

Air Source Heat Pumps Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Results Assumptions:  Zoning  Heat Pumps  DOAS Units

Air Source Heat Pumps Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Results

Air Source Heat Pumps Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Results

Air Source Heat Pumps Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Results 17% Reduction = 3 /19 LEED Points [EA Credit 1]

Air Source Heat Pumps Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations  Analysis  Systems to be Replaced  Assumptions  Results Simple Payback Period: Redesign: [67] Heat Pumps= $211,403 [5] DOAS Units= $83,042 Ductwork= $74,531 Utility= $103,384 Design:  [5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000  [5] ACCU’s= $12,000  Utility= $112,893  Ductwork= $319,850 Simple Payback Period: 0.65 years

System Comparison Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

System Comparison Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations

System Comparison Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Simple Payback Period: Vertical Loop GSHP = [1.2] years Horizontal Loop GSHP = [0.95] years Air Source Heat Pump= [0.65] years

Final Recommendations Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010  Project Background  Existing Mechanical Summary  Design Objectives  Alternative Descriptions  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Air Source Heat Pumps  System Comparison  Final Recommendations Emissions and Fuel Consumption:  Vertical Ground Source Heat Pump Lowest First Cost:  Air Source Heat Pump Fastest Potential Payback:  Air Source Heat Pump LEED Points:  Vertical Ground Source Heat Pump

Questions Special Thanks To: Paul Cronauer, H.F. Lenz Contact Verne McKissick, McKissick Architects Contact Dr. Bahnfleth, Faculty Advisor Penn State Architectural Engineering Mechanical Faculty Family and Friends for all their support Fellow AE Students Jonah, moral support Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option Spring 2010