HOW MUCH WATER ENTERS THE SOIL? Infiltration. PrecipitationEvaporation Runoff Infiltration.

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Presentation transcript:

HOW MUCH WATER ENTERS THE SOIL? Infiltration

PrecipitationEvaporation Runoff Infiltration

What Factors Control Infiltration?

A) Soil Characteristics

What Factors Control Infiltration? A)Soil Characteristics 1) Grain Size (size of pores in soil)

Large Grains

Medium Grains

Large Grains Medium Grains Fine Grains

What Factors Control Infiltration? A)Soil Characteristics 1) Grain Size (size of pores in soil) 2) Antecedent moisture

HYGROSCOPIC WATER

CAPILLARY WATER

FREE or GRAVITATIONAL WATER

FREE or GRAVITATIONAL WATER

MAXIMUM RATES OF INFILTRATION

Initial Infiltration Rate is high Dry Soil. Hygroscopic Water only. Lots of soil air to fill with water.

MAXIMUM RATES OF INFILTRATION Initial Infiltration Rate is high Moist soil. Capillary Water. Progressively fewer voids to fill with water. Exponential decline in rate

MAXIMUM RATES OF INFILTRATION Initial Infiltration Rate is high Saturated soil. Free or Gravitational Water. Voids to fill with water determined by rate of loss. Minimum rate, or “field capacity” set by drainage Exponential decline in rate

What Factors Control Infiltration? A)Soil Characteristics 1) Grain Size (size of pores in soil) 2) Antecedent moisture B)Rainfall intensity (how fast rain is arriving!)

PrecipitationEvaporation Runoff Infiltration Overland Flow

CONSTANT HEAVY RAIN FOR FOUR HOURS

Rainfall that could be Infiltrated Rainfall to Overland Flow DECREASING INFILTRATION RATE FOR FOUR HOURS

INCREASING OVERLAND FLOW FOR FOUR HOURS No Overland Flow

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